The Journal of Urology
Volume 184, Issue 3 , Pages 851-858 , September 2010

Emergence and Spread of Drug Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae

  • Takashi Deguchi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City, Gifu 501-1194, Japan (telephone: +81-58-230-6338; FAX: +81-58-230-6339)
  • ,
  • Keita Nakane

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
  • ,
  • Mitsuru Yasuda

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
  • ,
  • Shin-ichi Maeda

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan

Received 25 October 2009

References 

  1. Workowski KA, Berman SM, Douglas JM. Emerging antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: urgent need to strengthen prevention strategies. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:606
  2. 1993 Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). MMWR Recomm Rep. 1993;42:1
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update to CDC's sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006: fluoroquinolones no longer recommended for treatment of gonococcal infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56:332
  4. Barry PM, Klausner JD. The use of cephalosporins for gonorrhea: the impending problem of resistance. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10:555
  5. Palmer HM, Young H, Winter A, et al. Emergence and spread of azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Scotland. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62:490
  6. Chisholm SA, Neal TJ, Alawattegama AB, et al. Emergence of high-level azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in England and Wales. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;64:353
  7. Starnino S, Stefanelli P Neisseria gonorrhoeae Italian Study Group. Azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains recently isolated in Italy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;63:1200
  8. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Seventeenth Informational Supplement (Approved standard M100-S17). Wayne, Pennsylvania: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2007;
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2007 Supplements: Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) Annual Report 2007. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2009;
  10. Handsfield HH, McCutchan JA, Corey L, et al. Evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in adults and adolescents (Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Food and Drug Administration). Clin Infect Dis. 1992;15:S123
  11. Moran JS, Levine WC. Drugs of choice for the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infections. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:S47
  12. Newman LM, Moran JS, Workowski KA. Update on the management of gonorrhea in adults in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:S84
  13. Wagenvoort JH, van der Willigen AH, van Vliet HJ, et al. Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to enoxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1986;18:429
  14. Tapsall JW. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the WHO Western Pacific Region, 1998 (The WHO Western Pacific Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme). Commun Dis Intell. 2000;24:1
  15. Deguchi T, Yasuda M, Saito I, et al. Quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Infect Chemother. 1997;3:73
  16. Ito M, Yasuda M, Yokoi S, et al. Remarkable increase in central Japan in 2001–2002 of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with decreased susceptibility to penicillin, tetracycline, oral cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:3185
  17. WHO Western Pacific Gonococccal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the WHO Western Pacific Region, 2006. Commun Dis Intell. 2008;32:48
  18. Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme. Annual report of the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme, 2007. Commun Dis Intell. 2008;32:227
  19. Martin IM, Hoffmann S, Ison CA, et al. European Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections (ESSTI): the first combined antimicrobial susceptibility data for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Western Europe. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;58:587
  20. Bignell C IUSTI/WHO. 2009 European (IUSTI/WHO) guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults. Int J STD AIDS. 2009;20:453
  21. Yasuda M, Fukuda H, Yokoi S, et al. In vitro selection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae harboring alterations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. J Urol. 2000;164:847
  22. Centers for Disease Control and PreventionWorkowski KA, Berman SM. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55:1
  23. Akasaka S, Muratani T, Yamada Y, et al. Emergence of cephem- and aztreonam-high-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae that does not produce beta-lactamase. J Infect Chemother. 2001;7:49
  24. Muratani T, Akasaka S, Kobayashi T, et al. Outbreak of cefozopran (penicillin, oral cephems, and aztreonam)-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:3603
  25. Tanaka M, Nakayama H, Tunoe H, et al. A remarkable reduction in the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates to cephems and the selection of antibiotic regimens for the single-dose treatment of gonococcal infection in Japan. J Infect Chemother. 2002;8:81
  26. Lindberg R, Fredlund H, Nicholas R, et al. Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to cefixime and ceftriaxone: association with genetic polymorphisms in penA, mtrR, porB1b, and ponA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:2117
  27. Ameyama S, Onodera S, Takahata M, et al. Mosaic-like structure of penicillin-binding protein 2 Gene (penA) in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibility to cefixime. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46:3744
  28. Ito M, Deguchi T, Mizutani KS, et al. Emergence and spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates harboring mosaic-like structure of penicillin-binding protein 2 in central Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:137
  29. Whiley DM, Limnios EA, Ray S, et al. Diversity of penA alterations and subtypes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains from Sydney, Australia, that are less susceptible to ceftriaxone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:3111
  30. Lo JY, Ho KM, Leung AO, et al. Ceftibuten resistance and treatment failure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:3564
  31. Pandori M, Barry PM, Wu A, et al. Mosaic penicillin-binding protein 2 in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates collected in 2008 in San Francisco, California. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:4032
  32. Ochiai S, Sekiguchi S, Hayashi A, et al. Decreased affinity of mosaic-structure recombinant penicillin-binding protein 2 for oral cephalosporins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;60:54
  33. Yokoi S, Deguchi T, Ozawa T, et al. Threat to cefixime treatment for gonorrhea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1275
  34. Ochiai S, Ishiko H, Yasuda M, et al. Rapid detection of the mosaic structure of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae penA gene, which is associated with decreased susceptibilities to oral cephalosporins. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:1804
  35. Wang SA, Lee MV, O'Connor N, et al. Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to cefixime-Hawaii, 2001. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:849
  36. Swanston WH, Prabhakar P, Barrow L, et al. Single dose (direct observed) azithromycin therapy for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in STD clinic attenders with genital discharge in Trinidad and Tobago. West Indian Med J. 2001;50:198
  37. Habib AR, Fernando R. Efficacy of azithromycin 1g single dose in the management of uncomplicated gonorrhoea. Int J STD AIDS. 2004;15:240
  38. Tapsall JW, Shultz TR, Limnios EA, et al. Failure of azithromycin therapy in gonorrhea and discorrelation with laboratory test parameters. Sex Transm Dis. 1998;25:505
  39. Handsfield HH, Dalu ZA, Martin DH, et al. Multicenter trial of single-dose azithromycin vs. ceftriaxone in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea (Azithromycin Gonorrhea Study Group). Sex Transm Dis. 1994;21:107
  40. Chandra R, Liu P, Breen JD, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal tolerability of a novel extended-release microsphere formulation of azithromycin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2007;46:247
  41. Ng LK, Martin I, Liu G, et al. Mutation in 23S rRNA associated with macrolide resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46:3020
  42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Discontinuation of spectinomycin. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55:370
  43. Whiley DM, Limnios EA, Ray S, et al. Further questions regarding the role of mosaic penA sequences in conferring reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:802
  44. Spratt BG, Bowler LD, Zhang QY, et al. Role of interspecies transfer of chromosomal genes in the evolution of penicillin resistance in pathogenic and commensal Neisseria species. J Mol Evol. 1992;34:115
  45. Muratani T, Inatomi H, Ando Y, et al. Single dose 1 g ceftriaxone for urogenital and pharyngeal infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Int J Urol. 2008;15:837
  46. Matsumoto T, Muratani T, Takahashi K, et al. Single dose of cefodizime completely eradicated multidrug-resistant strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urethritis and uterine cervicitis. J Infect Chemother. 2006;12:97
  47. Matsumoto T, Muratani T, Takahashi K, et al. Multiple doses of cefodizime are necessary for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae pharyngeal infection. J Infect Chemother. 2006;12:145
  48. Tapsall J. Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is diminishing available treatment options for gonorrhea: some possible remedies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2006;4:619
  49. Deguchi T, Yasuda M, Maeda S. Lack of nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Japan. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:363
  50. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Decreased susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to fluoroquinolones–Ohio and Hawaii, 1992–1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994;43:325

 Nothing to disclose.

 Editor's Note: This article is the second of 5 published in this issue for which category 1 CME credits can be earned. Instructions for obtaining credits are given with the questions on pages 1234 and 1235.

PII: S0022-5347(10)03513-5

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.04.078

The Journal of Urology
Volume 184, Issue 3 , Pages 851-858 , September 2010