The Journal of Urology
Volume 184, Issue 2 , Pages 715-720 , August 2010

Proximal Hypospadias and Risk of Acquired Cryptorchidism

  • Gregory E. Tasian

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Harras Zaid

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Michael D. Cabana

      Affiliations

    • Division of General Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Laurence S. Baskin

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: 400 Parnassus Ave., Suite A-610, Department of Urology, Box 0738, San Francisco, California 94143-0738 (telephone: 415-476-1611; FAX: 415-476-8849)

Received 9 December 2009

References 

  1. Rusnack SL, Wu HY, Huff DS, et al. Testis histopathology in boys with cryptorchidism correlates with future fertility potential. J Urol. 2003;169:659
  2. Rusnack SL, Wu HY, Huff DS, et al. The ascending testis and the testis undescended since birth share the same histopathology. J Urol. 2002;168:2590
  3. Park KH, Lee JH, Han JJ, et al. Histological evidences suggest recommending orchiopexy within the first year of life for children with unilateral inguinal cryptorchid testis. Int J Urol. 2007;14:616
  4. Tasian GE, Hittelman AB, Kim GE, et al. Age at orchiopexy and testis palpability predict germ and Leydig cell loss: clinical predictors of adverse histological features of cryptorchidism. J Urol. 2009;182:704
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  6. Donaldson KM, Tong SY, Hutson JM. Prevalence of late orchidopexy is consistent with some undescended testes being acquired. Indian J Pediatr. 1996;63:725
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  9. Hack WW, Meijer RW, Van Der Voort-Doedens M, et al. Previous testicular position in boys referred for an undescended testis: further explanation of the late orchidopexy enigma?. BJU Int. 2003;92:293
  10. Hack WW, Sijstermans K, van Dijk J, et al. Prevalence of acquired undescended testis in 6-year, 9-year and 13-year-old Dutch schoolboys. Arch Dis Child. 2007;92:17
  11. Acerini CL, Miles HL, Dunger DB, et al. The descriptive epidemiology of congenital and acquired cryptorchidism in a UK infant cohort. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94:868
  12. Hack WW, Meijer RW, van der Voort-Doedens LM, et al. Natural course of acquired undescended testis in boys. Br J Surg. 2003;90:728
  13. Gray LE, Wolf C, Lambright C, et al. Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p'-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat. Toxicol Ind Health. 1999;15:94
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  15. Radpour R, Rezaee M, Tavasoly A, et al. Association of long polyglycine tracts (GGN repeats) in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene with cryptorchidism and penile hypospadias in Iranian patients. J Androl. 2007;28:164
  16. Hack WW, Meijer RW, Bos SD, et al. A new clinical classification for undescended testis. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2003;37:43
  17. Shima H, Ikoma F, Terakawa T, et al. Developmental anomalies associated with hypospadias. J Urol. 1979;122:619
  18. Svensson J. Male hypospadias, 625 cases, associated malformations and possible etiological factors. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1979;68:587
  19. John Radcliffe Hospital Cryptorchidism Study Group. Cryptorchidism: a prospective study of 7500 consecutive male births, 1984–8. Arch Dis Child. 1992;67:892
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  23. Hack WW, Sijstermans K, van der Voort-Doedens LM, et al. The high scrotal (“gliding”) testis revised. Eur J Pediatr. 2007;166:57
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  25. Moller H, Weidner IS. Epidemiology of cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Epidemiology. 1999;10:352
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  27. Swan SH, Main KM, Liu F, et al. Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:1056
  28. Hsieh MH, Breyer BN, Eisenberg ML, et al. Associations among hypospadias, cryptorchidism, anogenital distance, and endocrine disruption. Curr Urol Rep. 2008;9:137
  29. Atwell JD. Ascent of the testis: fact or fiction. Br J Urol. 1985;57:474
  30. Weidner IS, Moller H, Jensen TK, et al. Risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias. J Urol. 1999;161:1606

 Study received institutional committee on human research approval.

PII: S0022-5347(10)03051-X

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.056

The Journal of Urology
Volume 184, Issue 2 , Pages 715-720 , August 2010

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