The Journal of Urology
Volume 183, Issue 4 , Pages 1395-1399 , April 2010

Acitretin for Severe Lichen Sclerosus of Male Genitalia: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study

Received 12 July 2009

References 

  1. Powell JJ, Wojnarowska F. Lichen sclerosus. Lancet. 1999;353:1777
  2. Tasker GL, Wojnarowska F. Lichen sclerosus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003;28:128
  3. Neill SM, Tatnall FM, Cox NH, et al. Guidelines for the management of lichen sclerosus. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147:640
  4. Pugliese JM, Morey AF, Peterson AC. Lichen sclerosus: review of the literature and current recommendations for management. J Urol. 2007;178:2268
  5. Kulkarni S, Barbagli G, Kirpekar D, et al. Lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia and urethra: surgical options and results in a multicenter international experience with 215 patients. Eur Urol. 2009;55:945
  6. Carlson JA, Ambros R, Malfetano J, et al. Vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma: a cohort, case control, and investigational study with historical perspective; implications for chronic inflammation and sclerosis in the development of neoplasia. Hum Pathol. 1998;29:932
  7. Nasca MR, Innocenzi D, Micali G. Penile cancer among patients with genital lichen sclerosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;41:911
  8. Cooper SM, Gao XH, Powell JJ, et al. Does treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus influence its prognosis?. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140:702
  9. Renaud-Vilmer C, Cavelier-Balloy B, Porcher R, et al. Vulvar lichen sclerosus: effect of long-term topical application of a potent steroid on the course of the disease. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140:709
  10. Niinimaki A, Kallioinen M, Oikarinen A. Etretinate reduces connective tissue degeneration in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Acta Derm Venereol. 1989;69:439
  11. Bousema MT, Romppanen U, Geiger JM, et al. Acitretin in the treatment of severe lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;30:225
  12. Ran L, Tan W, Tan S, et al. Effects of ATRA, acitretin and tazarotene on growth and apoptosis of Tca8113 cells. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2005;25:393
  13. Lebwohl M, Tannis C, Carrasco D. Acitretin suppression of squamous cell carcinoma: case report and literature review. J Dermatolog Treat. 2003;14:3
  14. Berger J, Telser A, Widschwendter M, et al. Expression of retinoic acid receptors in non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva and normal vulvar skin. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2000;19:95

 Study received institutional ethical committee approval.

PII: S0022-5347(09)03234-0

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.12.057

The Journal of Urology
Volume 183, Issue 4 , Pages 1395-1399 , April 2010

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