The Journal of Urology
Volume 183, Issue 1 , Pages 345-350 , January 2010

Growth Inhibitory Effect of Low Fat Diet on Prostate Cancer Cells: Results of a Prospective, Randomized Dietary Intervention Trial in Men With Prostate Cancer

  • William J. Aronson

      Affiliations

    • Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
    • Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence and requests for reprints: Department of Urology, University of California-Los Angeles, Box 951738, Los Angeles, California 90095-1738 (telephone: 310-268-3446; FAX: 310-268-4858)
    • ,
  • R. James Barnard

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physiological Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Pritikin Longevity Center.
    • ,
  • Stephen J. Freedland

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Division of Urologic Surgery and Duke Prostate Center, Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
    • ,
  • Susanne Henning

      Affiliations

    • Division of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • David Elashoff

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Patricia M. Jardack

      Affiliations

    • General Clinical Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Pinchas Cohen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • David Heber

      Affiliations

    • Division of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
    • ,
  • Naoko Kobayashi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

Received 28 October 2009

References 

  1. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:1571
  2. West DW, Slattery ML, Robison LM, et al. Adult dietary intake and prostate cancer risk in Utah: a case-control study with special emphasis on aggressive tumors. Cancer Causes Control. 1991;2:85
  3. Godley PA, Campbell MK, Gallagher P, et al. Biomarkers of essential fatty acid consumption and risk of prostatic carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996;5:889
  4. Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Michaud DS, et al. Dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:204
  5. Ngo TH, Barnard RJ, Cohen P, et al. Effect of isocaloric low-fat diet on human LAPC-4 prostate cancer xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice and the insulin-like growth factor axis. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9:2734
  6. Kobayashi N, Barnard RJ, Said J, et al. Effect of low-fat diet on development of prostate cancer and Akt phosphorylation in the Hi-Myc transgenic mouse model. Cancer Res. 2008;68:3066
  7. Yan L, Spitznagel EL. Meta-analysis of soy food and risk of prostate cancer in men. Int J Cancer. 2005;117:667
  8. Aronson WJ, Tymchuk CN, Elashoff RM, et al. Decreased growth of human prostate LNCaP tumors in SCID mice fed a low-fat, soy protein diet with isoflavones. Nutr Cancer. 1999;35:130
  9. Ornish D, Weidner G, Fair WR, et al. Intensive lifestyle changes may affect the progression of prostate cancer. J Urol. 2005;174:1065
  10. Demark-Wahnefried W, Price DT, Polascik TJ, et al. Pilot study of dietary fat restriction and flaxseed supplementation in men with prostate cancer before surgery: exploring the effects on hormonal levels, prostate-specific antigen, and histopathologic features. Urology. 2001;58:47
  11. Carmody J, Olendzki B, Reed G, et al. A dietary intervention for recurrent prostate cancer after definitive primary treatment: results of a randomized pilot trial. Urology. 2008;72:1324
  12. Lin DW, Neuhouser ML, Schenk JM, et al. Low-fat, low-glycemic load diet and gene expression in human prostate epithelium: a feasibility study of using cDNA microarrays to assess the response to dietary intervention in target tissues. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16:2150
  13. Ngo TH, Barnard RJ, Tymchuk CN, et al. Effect of diet and exercise on serum insulin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-1 levels and growth of LNCaP cells in vitro (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2002;13:929
  14. Hwang DL, Huang SP, Lan WS, et al. Elevated insulin, proinsulin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in liver disease. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2003;13:316
  15. Kobayashi N, Barnard RJ, Henning SM, et al. Effect of altering dietary omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratios on prostate cancer membrane composition, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E2. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:4662
  16. Li Z, Aronson WJ, Arteaga JR, et al. Feasibility of a low-fat/high-fiber diet intervention with soy supplementation in prostate cancer patients after prostatectomy. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62:526
  17. Parsons JK, Newman V, Mohler JL, et al. The Men's Eating and Living (MEAL) study: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B pilot trial of dietary intervention for the treatment of prostate cancer. Urology. 2008;72:633
  18. Dewell A, Weidner G, Sumner MD, et al. Relationship of dietary protein and soy isoflavones to serum IGF-1 and IGF binding proteins in the Prostate Cancer Lifestyle Trial. Nutr Cancer. 2007;58:35
  19. Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci E, et al. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and prostate cancer risk: a prospective study. Science. 1998;279:563
  20. Allen NE, Key TJ, Appleby PN, et al. Animal foods, protein, calcium and prostate cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Br J Cancer. 2008;98:1574
  21. Aziz A, Xiao CW, Cockell KA, et al. Impact of dietary protein on lipid metabolism in hamsters is source-dependent and associated with changes in hepatic gene expression. Br J Nutr. 2008;100:503
  22. Berquin IM, Min Y, Wu R, et al. Modulation of prostate cancer genetic risk by omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:1866
  23. Pantuck AJ, Leppert JT, Zomorodian N, et al. Phase II study of pomegranate juice for men with rising prostate-specific antigen following surgery or radiation for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:4018
  24. Ornish D, Magbanua MJ, Weidner G, et al. Changes in prostate gene expression in men undergoing an intensive nutrition and lifestyle intervention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:8369

 Study received institutional internal review board approval.

 Supported by Specialized Programs of Research Excellence P50CA 92131-01A1 (WJA), 1RO1CA1162-42-01 (WJA, SH), Department of Veterans Affairs (WJA, SJF), Department of Defense (WJA,SJF), The American Urological Association Foundation Astellas Rising Star in Urology Award (SJF), M01-RR00865 and General Clinical Research Centers Program (PMJ).

 See Guest Editorial on page 13.

PII: S0022-5347(09)02317-9

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.104

The Journal of Urology
Volume 183, Issue 1 , Pages 345-350 , January 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution