The Journal of Urology
Volume 182, Issue 5 , Pages 2490-2496 , November 2009

Effect of Potassium Citrate Therapy on the Risk of Renal Stone Formation During Spaceflight

  • Peggy A. Whitson

      Affiliations

    • Astronaut Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
    • ,
  • Robert A. Pietrzyk

      Affiliations

    • Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, Texas
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, 1290 Hercules Dr., Suite 120, Houston, Texas 77058 (telephone: 281-483-8078; FAX: 281-483-2888)
    • ,
  • Jeffrey A. Jones

      Affiliations

    • Space Medicine Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
    • ,
  • Mayra Nelman-Gonzalez

      Affiliations

    • Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, Texas
    • ,
  • Edgar K. Hudson

      Affiliations

    • JES Tech, Houston, Texas
    • ,
  • Clarence F. Sams

      Affiliations

    • Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas

Received 23 February 2009

References 

  1. Pietrzyk RA, Jones JA, Sams CF, et al. Renal stone formation among astronauts. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007;78(suppl.):A9
  2. Whitson PA, Pietrzyk RA, Morukov BV, et al. The risk of renal stone formation during and after long duration space flight. Nephron. 2001;89:264
  3. Whitson P, Pietrzyk R, Pak C, et al. Alterations in renal stone risk factors after space flight. J Urol. 1993;150:803
  4. Nicar MJ, Hsu MC, Johnson T, et al. The preservation of urine samples for determination of renal stone risk factors. Lab Med. 1987;18:382
  5. Finlayson B. Calcium stones: some physical and clinical aspects. In:  David DS editors. Calcium Metabolism in Renal Failure and Nephrolithiasis. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1977;p. 337
  6. Pak CY. Pharmacotherapy of kidney stones. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008;9:1509
  7. Whalley NA, Meyers AM, Martins M, et al. Long-term effects of potassium citrate therapy on the formation of new stones in groups of recurrent stone formers with hypocitraturia. Br J Urol. 1996;78:10
  8. Curhan GC, Curhan SG. Dietary factors and kidney stone formation. Compr Ther. 1994;20:485
  9. Morton AR, Iliescu EA, Wilson JWL. Neprology: 1. Investigation and treatment of recurrent kidney stones. CMAJ. 2002;166:213
  10. Jones JA, Johnston S, Campbell M, et al. Endoscopic surgery and telemedicine in microgravity: developing contingency procedures for exploratory class spaceflight. Urology. 1999;53:892
  11. Zerwekh JE, Odvina CV, Wuermser LA, et al. Reduction of renal stone risk by potassium-magnesium citrate during 5 weeks of bed rest. J Urol. 2007;177:2179
  12. Ettinger B, Pak CY, Citron JT, et al. Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Urol. 1997;158:2069
  13. Hamm LL. Renal handling of citrate. Kidney Int. 1990;38:728
  14. Caudarell R, Vescini F, Buffa A, et al. Citrate and mineral metabolism: kidney stones and bone disease. Frontiers Biosci. 2003;8:1084

 Study received approval from the NASA Johnson Space Center Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects, Russian Bioethics Board, European Medical Board and Human Research Multilateral Review Board.

 Supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration 96-OLMSA-01.

PII: S0022-5347(09)01734-0

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.07.010

The Journal of Urology
Volume 182, Issue 5 , Pages 2490-2496 , November 2009

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