The Journal of Urology
Volume 182, Issue 3 , Pages 992-997, September 2009

Effect of Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Sports Beverages on Urinary Stone Risk Factors

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Received 7 January 2009 published online 21 July 2009.

Purpose

We evaluated the effects of consuming carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverages (Gatorade®) on urinary stone risk factors.

Materials and Methods

Twelve normal subjects (5 men, 7 women) and 12 hypercalciuric stone formers (2 men, 10 women) participated in a 4-week prospective, crossover study consisting of 3 study phases. In phase 1 subjects were placed on a monitored stone prevention diet that was continued throughout the study. In phase 2 subjects ingested 2 l Gatorade daily followed by a 7-day washout period. In phase 3 subjects ingested 2 l water daily. On the final day of phases 1, 2 and 3 a 24-hour urine collection and blood sample were analyzed for stone risk factors. Effects of group and phase were tested using repeated measures ANOVA and paired t tests.

Results

Changes in urinary risk factors after Gatorade consumption revealed no statistically significant difference between normal subjects and stone formers. However, intrasubject variation occurred in both groups. Gatorade consumption in both groups increased urinary pH (p = 0.006), urinary chloride (p = 0.044) and urinary sodium (p = 0.008), and decreased urinary potassium (p = 0.035) and urinary uric acid (p = 0.019) in a statistically significant manner. In response to Gatorade consumption urinary volume, calcium and citrate were unchanged compared to water consumption and baseline.

Conclusions

Gatorade increased mean urinary sodium and chloride levels compared to water and baseline. However, the results were within normal urinary parameters. The change did not appear to be clinically significant as urinary calcium was unchanged. Overall consumption of Gatorade does not increase or decrease urinary stone risk factors.

Key Words: urolithiasis, risk factors, diet

Abbreviations and Acronyms: BUN, blood urea nitrogen, RDA, recommended daily allowance

 

 Study received institutional review board approval.

 Supported by the Gatorade Sports Science Institute.

 For another article on a related topic see page 1201.

PII: S0022-5347(09)01160-4

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.020

Refers to article:

  • Mechanism Underlying the Low Prevalence of Pediatric Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis , 21 July 2009

    Chikahiro Momohara, Masao Tsujihata, Iwao Yoshioka, Akira Tsujimura, Norio Nonomura, Akihiko Okuyama
    The Journal of Urology September 2009 (Vol. 182, Issue 3, Pages 1201-1209)

The Journal of Urology
Volume 182, Issue 3 , Pages 992-997, September 2009