The Journal of Urology
Volume 182, Issue 3 , Pages 1201-1209 , September 2009

Mechanism Underlying the Low Prevalence of Pediatric Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

Received 19 December 2008

References 

  1. Walther PC, Lamm D, Kaplan GW. Pediatric urolithiasis: a ten-year review. Pediatrics. 1980;65:1068
  2. Yasui T, Iguchi M, Suzuki S, et al. Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of urolithiasis in Japan: national trends between 1965 and 2005. Urology. 2008;71:209
  3. Miyake O, Yoshimura K, Yoshioka T, et al. High urinary excretion level of citrate and magnesium in children: potential etiology for the reduced incidence of pediatric urolithiasis. Urol Res. 1998;26:209
  4. Miyake O, Yoshimura K, Tsujihata M, et al. Possible causes for the low prevalence of pediatric urolithiasis. Urology. 1999;53:1229
  5. Miyake O, Kakimoto K, Tsujihata M, et al. Strong inhibition of crystal-cell attachment by pediatric urinary macromolecules: a close relationship with high urinary citrate secretion. Urology. 2001;58:493
  6. Khan SR. hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and antioxidants for renal protection. Urol Res. 2005;33:349
  7. Khan SR, Kok DJ. Modulators of urinary stone formation. Front Biosci. 2004;9:1450
  8. de Jong JGN, Wevers RA, Laarakkers C, et al. Dimethylmethylene blue-based spectrophotometry of glycosaminoglycans in untreated urine: a rapid screening procedure for mucopolysaccharidoses. Clin Chem. 1989;35:1472
  9. Bigelow MW, Wiessner JH, Kleinman JG, et al. Calcium oxalate-crystal membrane interactions. J Urol. 1996;155:1094
  10. Verkoelen CF, Van DerBoom BGAB, Houtsmuller AB, et al. Increased calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal binding to injured renal tubular epithelial cells in culture. Am J Physiol. 1998;274:F958
  11. Cooke MS, Evans MD, Dizdaroglu M, et al. Oxidative DNA damage: mechanisms, mutation, and disease. FASEB J. 2003;17:1195
  12. Chanchai B, Rattiporn W, Kriang T, et al. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine is elevated in patients with nephrolithiasis. Urol Res. 2007;35:185
  13. Scheid CR, Koul H, Hill WA, et al. Ox toxicity in LLCPK1 cells: role of free radicals. J Urol. 1996;49:413
  14. Thamilselvan S, Hackett RL, Khan SR. Free radical scavengers, catalase and superoxide dismutase provide protection from oxalate-associated injury to LLC-PK1 and MDCK cells. J Urol. 2000;164:224
  15. Umekawa T, Chegini N, Khan SR. Oxalate ions and calcium oxalate crystals stimulate MCP-1 expression by renal epithelial cells. Kidney Int. 2002;61:105
  16. Umekawa T, Iguchi M, Uemura H, et al. Oxalate ions and calcium oxalate crystal-induced up-regulation of osteopontin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in renal fibroblasts. BJU Int. 2006;98:656
  17. Fasano JM, Khan SR. Intratubular crystallization of calcium oxalate in the presence of membrane vesicles: an in vitro study. Kidney Int. 2001;59:169
  18. Kohri K, Nomura S, Kitamura Y, et al. Structure and expression of the mRNA encoding urinary stone protein (osteopontin). J Biol Chem. 1993;268:15180
  19. Shamim M, Anwar AS, Zulfiqar AN, et al. Identification of myeloperoxidase, α-defensin and calgranulin in calcium oxalate renal stones. Clin Chim Acta. 2007;384:41
  20. Kumar V, Lieske JC. Protein regulation of intrarenal crystallization. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2006;15:374

PII: S0022-5347(09)01144-6

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.007

The Journal of Urology
Volume 182, Issue 3 , Pages 1201-1209 , September 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution