The Journal of Urology
Volume 182, Issue 2 , Pages 704-709 , August 2009

Age at Orchiopexy and Testis Palpability Predict Germ and Leydig Cell Loss: Clinical Predictors of Adverse Histological Features of Cryptorchidism

  • Gregory E. Tasian

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Adam B. Hittelman

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Grace E. Kim

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Michael J. DiSandro

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • ,
  • Laurence S. Baskin

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: 400 Parnassus Ave., Suite A-610, Department of Urology, Box 0738, San Francisco, California 94143-0738 (telephone: 415-476-1611; FAX: 415-476-8849)

Received 6 December 2008

References 

  1. Docimo SG. The results of surgical therapy for cryptorchidism: a literature review and analysis. J Urol. 1995;154:1148
  2. Trussell JC, Lee PA. The relationship of cryptorchidism to fertility. Curr Urol Rep. 2004;5:142
  3. Lee PA, O'Leary LA, Songer NJ, et al. Paternity after bilateral cryptorchidism (A controlled study). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151:260
  4. Miller KD, Coughlin MT, Lee PA. Fertility after unilateral cryptorchidism (Paternity, time to conception, pretreatment testicular location and size, hormone and sperm parameters). Horm Res. 2001;55:249
  5. McAleer IM, Packer MG, Kaplan GW, et al. Fertility index analysis in cryptorchidism. J Urol. 1995;153:1255
  6. Cortes D, Thorup JM, Visfeldt J. Cryptorchidism: aspects of fertility and neoplasms (A study including data of 1,335 consecutive boys who underwent testicular biopsy simultaneously with surgery for cryptorchidism). Horm Res. 2001;55:21
  7. Park KH, Lee JH, Han JJ, et al. Histological evidences suggest recommending orchiopexy within the first year of life for children with unilateral inguinal cryptorchid testis. Int J Urol. 2007;14:616
  8. Hadziselimovic F, Thommen L, Girard J, et al. The significance of postnatal gonadotropin surge for testicular development in normal and cryptorchid testes. J Urol. 1986;136:274
  9. Hadziselimovic F, Herzog B. Importance of early postnatal germ cell maturation for fertility of cryptorchid males. Horm Res. 2001;55:6
  10. Nistal M, Riestra ML, Paniagua R. Correlation between testicular biopsies (prepubertal and postpubertal) and spermiogram in cryptorchid men. Hum Pathol. 2000;31:1022
  11. Rusnack SL, Wu HY, Huff DS, et al. Testis histopathology in boys with cryptorchidism correlates with future fertility potential. J Urol. 2003;169:659
  12. Hadziselimovic F, Herzog B, Buser M. Development of cryptorchid testes. Eur J Pediatr. 1987;146(suppl.):S8
  13. Kogan SJ, Tennenbaum S, Gill B, et al. Efficacy of orchiopexy by patient age 1 year for cryptorchidism. J Urol. 1990;144:508
  14. Engeler DS, Hosli PO, John H, et al. Early orchiopexy: prepubertal intratubular germ cell neoplasia and fertility outcome. Urology. 2000;56:144
  15. Lee PA, Coughlin MT. Leydig cell function after cryptorchidism: evidence of the beneficial result of early surgery. J Urol. 2002;167:1824
  16. Coughlin MT, Bellinger MF, Lee PA. Age at unilateral orchiopexy: effect on hormone levels and sperm count in adulthood. J Urol. 1999;162:986
  17. Mizuno K, Hayashi Y, Kojima Y, et al. Early orchiopexy improves subsequent testicular development and spermatogenesis in the experimental cryptorchid rat model. J Urol. 2008;179:1195
  18. Yuasa J, Ito H, Toyama Y, et al. Postnatal development of the testis in Japanese children based on observations of undescended testes. Int J Urol. 2001;8:490
  19. Kort WJ, Hekking-Weijma I, Vermeij M. Temporary intraabdominal cryptorchidism in the weanling rat leads to irreversible azoospermia. J Surg Res. 1991;51:138
  20. Cortes D, Thorup JM, Lindenberg S. Fertility potential after unilateral orchiopexy: an age independent risk of subsequent infertility when biopsies at surgery lack germ cells. J Urol. 1996;156:217

 Funded by Department of Urology, University of California–San Francisco.

 Study received institutional committee on human research approval.

 See Editorial on page 427.

PII: S0022-5347(09)00941-0

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.04.032

The Journal of Urology
Volume 182, Issue 2 , Pages 704-709 , August 2009

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