The Journal of Urology
Volume 181, Issue 3 , Pages 1040-1045 , March 2009

Intravesical Mycobacterial Cell Wall-DNA Complex in the Treatment of Carcinoma In Situ of the Bladder After Standard Intravesical Therapy Has Failed

  • Alvaro Morales

      Affiliations

    • Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Department of Urology, Queen's University & Centre for Urological Research, 62 Barrie St., Kingston, Ontario K7L 3J7 Canada (telephone: 613-548-2424; FAX: 613-548-7836)
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Bioniche, Solvay and Pierre Fabre.
    • ,
  • Kiran Phadke

      Affiliations

    • St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
    • ,
  • Gary Steinhoff

      Affiliations

    • Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Received 1 August 2008

References 

  1. Brassel SA, Kamat AM. Contemporary intravesical treatment options for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2006;4:1027
  2. Kim JC, Steinberg GD. The limits of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. J Urol. 2001;165:745
  3. Bevers RFM, Kurth KH, Schamhart DHJ. Role of urothelial cells in BCG immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. Br J Cancer. 2004;91:607
  4. Herr HW, Badalament RA, Amato DA, Laudone VP, Fair WR, Whitmore WF. Superficial bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin: a multivariate analysis of factors affecting tumor progression. J Urol. 1989;141:22
  5. van der Meijden APM, Sylvester RJ, Oosterlinck W, Hoeltl W, Bono AV EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Group. Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin for Ta T1 bladder tumors is not associated with increased toxicity: results from a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Group Phase III Trial. Eur Urol. 2003;44:429
  6. Chin JL, Kadhim SA, Batislam E, Karlik SJ, Garcia BM, Nickel JC, et al. Mycobacterium cell wall: an alternative to intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy in orthotopic murine bladder cancer. J Urol. 1996;156:1189
  7. Morales A, Chin JL, Ramsey EW. Mycobacterial cell wall extract for treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder. J Urol. 2001;166:1633
  8. Risher JF, Murray HE, Prince GR. Organic mercury compounds: human exposure and its relevance to public health. Toxicol Ind Health. 2002;18:109
  9. Filion MC, Phillips NC. Therapeutic potential of mycobacterial cell wall-DNA complexes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2001;10:2157
  10. Lamm DL, Blumenstein BA, Crissman JD, Montie JE, Gottesman JE, Lowe BA, et al. Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for recurrent Ta, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study. J Urol. 2000;163:1124
  11. Witjes JA. Management of BCG failures in superficial bladder cancer: a review. Eur Urol. 2006;49:790
  12. O'Donnell MA, Boehle A. Treatment options for BCG failures. World J Urol. 2006;24:481
  13. Steinberg G, Bahnson R, Brosman S, Middleton R, Wajsman Z, Wehle M. Efficacy and safety of valrubicin for the treatment of bacillus Calmette-Guerin refractory carcinoma in situ of the bladder. J Urol. 2000;163:761
  14. Dalbagni G, Russo P, Bochner B, Ben-Porat L, Sheinfeld J, Sogani P, et al. Phase II trial of intravesical gemcitabine in bacille Calmette-Guérin-refractory transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2729
  15. Joudi FN, Smith BJ, O'Donnell MA National BCG-Interferon Phase 2 Investigator Group. Final results from a national multicenter phase II trial of combination bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus interferon alpha-2B for reducing recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2006;24:344
  16. Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, Hoeltl W, Bono AV. The side effects of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of Ta T1 bladder cancer do not predict its efficacy: results from a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Group Phase III Trial. Eur Urol. 2003;44:423
  17. Jakse G, Hall R, Bono A, Holtl W, Carpentier P, Spaander JP, et al. Intravesical BCG in patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: long-term results of EORTC GU Group phase II protocol 30861. Eur Urol. 2001;40:144
  18. Bohle A, Jocham D, Bock PR. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C for superficial bladder cancer: a formal meta-analysis of comparative studies on recurrence and toxicity. J Urol. 2003;169:90
  19. Fernandez-Gomez J, Solsona E, Unda M, Martinez-Pineiro L, Gonzalez M, Hernandez R, et al. Prognostic factors in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin: multivariate analysis of data from four randomized CUETO trials. Eur Urol. 2008;53:992

 Study received research ethics committee approval from each participating site.

 Supported by grants from Bioniche Life Sciences Inc (Belleville, Ontario, Canada).

 For other articles on related topics see pages 1361, 1372 and 1381.

PII: S0022-5347(08)03046-2

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.11.019

The Journal of Urology
Volume 181, Issue 3 , Pages 1040-1045 , March 2009

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