Lycopene for Advanced Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer: A Prospective, Open Phase II Pilot Study

Purpose

We investigated the influence of lycopene on the clinical and laboratory course in men with hormone refractory prostate cancer. To our knowledge this study represents the first time that subjective assessments of the course of therapy have been recorded.

Material and Methods

We performed a prospective, open phase II pilot study, in which patients with progressive hormone refractory prostate cancer were included. Lycopene supplementation (15 mg) was given daily for 6 months. Followup laboratory tests and clinical examinations were done monthly. Changes to analgesic use and quality of life (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30) were measured. The study end point was a significant change in serum prostate specific antigen, clinical progression or the end of the 6-month observation period.

Results

A total of 18 patients 64 to 85 years old (median age 73) were enrolled in the study during a 20-month period, of whom 17 could be analyzed. Five of the 17 patients (29%) withdrew from the study prematurely, including 4 of 5 because of prostate specific antigen progression and/or tumor associated complications, and 1 due to an allergic reaction to lycopene. Median prostate specific antigen doubled in 6 months from 42.7 ng/ml (range 13.8 to 521.6) in 17 patients to 96.4 ng/ml (range 13.5 to 1,240) in 12. Stable prostate specific antigen was observed in 5 of 17 patients (29%). None of the patients had a greater than 50% decrease in prostate specific antigen. Patients experienced a slight deterioration in mean health status at the end of the study compared to the outset. However, two-thirds of the patients experienced an improved or unchanged situation regardless of the clinical and biochemical course.

Conclusions

No clinically relevant benefits were shown for patients with advanced stages of the disease.

Key Words: prostate, prostatic neoplasms, lycopene, quality of life, prostate-specific antigen

Abbreviations and Acronyms: EORTC, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, HRPC, hormone refractory prostate cancer, PSA, prostate specific antigen