The Journal of Urology
Volume 180, Issue 4 , Pages 1219-1222 , October 2008

It's Time to Abandon an Upper Limit of Normal for Prostate Specific Antigen: Assessing the Risk of Prostate Cancer

  • Ian M. Thompson

      Affiliations

    • University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Mission Pharmacal, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca.
    • ,
  • Donna P. Ankerst

      Affiliations

    • University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
    • ,
  • Ruth Etzioni

      Affiliations

    • Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
    • ,
  • Thomas Wang

      Affiliations

    • Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

References 

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  3. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2007. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57:43
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  11. Thompson IM, Ankerst DP, Chi C, Lucia MS, Goodman PJ, Crowley JJ, et al. Operating characteristics of prostate-specific antigen in men with an initial PSA level of 3.0 ng/ml or lower. JAMA. 2005;294:66
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  14. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Platz EA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Risk factors for prostate cancer incidence and progression in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Int J Cancer. 2007;121:1571
  15. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (Prostate Cancer Early Detection. V.2.2007). http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp?button=I+Agree#detectionAccessed March 30, 2008.
  16. Keetch DW, Catalona WJ. Prostatic transition zone biopsies in men with previous negative biopsies and persistently elevated serum prostate specific antigen values. J Urol. 1995;154:1795
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  21. Han M, Humphreys EB, Hernandez DJ, Partin AW, Roehl KA, Catalona WJ. Comparison between the prostate cancer risk calculator and serum PSA. J Urol. 2007;177(suppl):624;abstract 1875
  22. Oesterling JE, Cooner WH, Jacobsen SJ, Guess HA, Lieber MM. Influence of patient age on the serum PSA concentration (An important clinical observation). Urol Clin North Am. 1993;20:671
  23. Ries LAG, Melbert D, Krapcho M, Mariotto A, Miller BA, Feuer EJ, et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2004, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2004Accessed June 18, 2008.
  24. American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer. http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_2_3X_ACS_Cancer_Detection_Guidelines_36.asp?sitearea=PEDAccessed March 30, 2008.
  25. Lucia MS, Darke AL, Goodman PJ, LaRosa FG, Parnes HL, Ford LG, et al. Pathologic characteristics of cancers detected in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial: implications for prostate cancer detection and chemoprevention (Cancer Prevent Res 2008; Online First 2008). http://cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org/cgi/rapidpdf/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0078v1Accessed June 18, 2008.
  26. Epstein JI, Sanderson H, Carter HB, Scharfstein DO. Utility of saturation biopsy to predict insignificant cancer at radical prostatectomy. Urology. 2005;66:356
  27. Albertsen PC, Hanley JA, Fine J. 20-Year outcomes following conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA. 2005;293:2095
  28. Klotz L. Active surveillance for favorable-risk prostate cancer: what are the results and how safe is it?. Curr Urol Rep. 2007;8:341

 Supported by Public Health Service Grant UO1-CA86402, Early Detection Research Network, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health and San Antonio Cancer Institute P30 CA 54174.

PII: S0022-5347(08)01907-1

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.07.089

The Journal of Urology
Volume 180, Issue 4 , Pages 1219-1222 , October 2008

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