The Journal of Urology
Volume 180, Issue 4 , Pages 1303-1308, October 2008

Predicting Prostate Cancer Risk Through Incorporation of Prostate Cancer Gene 3

  • Donna Pauler Ankerst

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas
    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Department of Urology, UTHSCSA, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229 (telephone: 210-567-5643; FAX: 210-567-6868)
    • ,
  • Jack Groskopf

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Incorporated, San Diego, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe Inc.
    • ,
  • John R. Day

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Incorporated, San Diego, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe Inc.
    • ,
  • Amy Blase

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Incorporated, San Diego, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe Inc.
    • ,
  • Harry Rittenhouse

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Incorporated, San Diego, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe Inc.
    • ,
  • Brad H. Pollock

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas
    • ,
  • Cathy Tangen

      Affiliations

    • Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
    • ,
  • Dipen Parekh

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas
    • ,
  • Robin J. Leach

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas
    • Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas
    • ,
  • Ian Thompson

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas

Received 13 February 2008 published online 15 August 2008.

Purpose

The online Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator combines prostate specific antigen, digital rectal examination, family and biopsy history, age and race to determine the risk of prostate cancer. In this report we incorporate the biomarker prostate cancer gene 3 into the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator.

Materials and Methods

Methodology was developed to incorporate new markers for prostate cancer into the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator based on likelihood ratios calculated from separate case control or cohort studies. The methodology was applied to incorporate the marker prostate cancer gene 3 into the risk calculator based on a cohort of 521 men who underwent prostate biopsy with measurements of urinary prostate cancer gene 3, serum prostate specific antigen, digital rectal examination and biopsy history. External validation of the updated risk calculator was performed on a cohort of 443 European patients, and compared to Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risks, prostate specific antigen and prostate cancer gene 3 by area underneath the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity and specificity.

Results

The AUC of posterior risks (AUC 0.696, 95% CI 0.641–0.750) was higher than that of prostate specific antigen (AUC 0.607, 95% CI 0.546–0.668, p = 0.001) and Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risks (AUC 0.653, 95% CI 0.593–0.714, p <0.05). Although it was higher it was not statistically significantly different from that of prostate cancer gene 3 (AUC 0.665, 95% CI 0.610–0.721, p >0.05). Sensitivities of posterior risks were higher than those of prostate cancer gene 3, prostate specific antigen and Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risks.

Conclusions

New markers for prostate cancer can be incorporated into the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator by a novel approach. Incorporation of prostate cancer gene 3 improved the diagnostic accuracy of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator.

Key Words: prostate cancer antigen 3, human, likelihood functions, biological markers, prostatic neoplasms, risk assessment

Abbreviations and Acronyms: DRE, digital rectal examination, PCA3, prostate cancer gene 3, PCPT, Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, PSA, prostate specific antigen

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 Supported by the Early Detection Research Network, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Grant U01-CA86402 and the San Antonio Cancer Institute Grant P30-CA54174.

 For another article on a related topic see page 1515.

PII: S0022-5347(08)01570-X

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.06.038

Refers to article:

  • WAVE1 is Associated With Invasiveness and Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells , 19 August 2008

    Herman S. Fernando, Andrew J. Sanders, Howard G. Kynaston, Wen G. Jiang
    The Journal of Urology October 2008 (Vol. 180, Issue 4, Pages 1515-1521)

Refers to erratum:

  • Erratum , 20 January 2009

    The Journal of Urology March 2009 (Vol. 181, Issue 3, Page 1507)

The Journal of Urology
Volume 180, Issue 4 , Pages 1303-1308, October 2008

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