The Journal of Urology
Volume 180, Issue 3 , Pages 813-819 , September 2008

Medical Stone Management: 35 Years of Advances

  • Charles Y.C. Pak

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-8885.

Received 14 April 2008

References 

  1. Pak CYC. Physicochemical basis for the formation of renal stones of calcium phosphate origin: calculation of the degree of saturation of urine with respect to brushite. J Clin Invest. 1969;48:1914
  2. Pak CYC, Zisman E, Jowsey J, Delea C, Bartter FC. Treatment of osteoporosis with calcium infusion. Am J Med. 1969;47:7
  3. Pak CYC, East D, Sanzenbacher LJ, Delea CS, Bartter FC. Gastrointestinal calcium absorption in nephrolithiasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1972;35:261
  4. Pak CYC, Fetner C, Townsend J, Brinkley L, Northcutt C, Barilla DE, et al. Evaluation of calcium urolithiasis in ambulatory patients: comparison of results with those of inpatients evaluation. Am J Med. 1978;64:979
  5. Pak CYC, Britton F, Peterson R, Ward DL, Northcutt C, Breslau NA, et al. Ambulatory evaluation of nephrolithiasis: classification, clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria. Am J Med. 1980;69:19
  6. Pak CYC. Medical management of nephrolithiasis in Dallas: update. J Urol. 1988;140:461
  7. Sakhaee K, Harvey JA, Padalino PK, Whitson P, Pak CYC. Potential role of salt abuse on the risk for kidney stone formation. J Urol. 1991;150:310
  8. Preminger GM, Sakhaee K, Pak CYC. Alkali action on the urinary crystallization of calcium salts: contrasting responses to sodium citrate and potassium citrate. J Urol. 1988;139:240
  9. Pak CYC, Peterson R, Sakhaee K, Fuller CJ, Preminger GM, Reisch J. Correction of hypocitraturia and prevention of stone formation by combined thiazide and potassium citrate therapy in thiazide-unresponsive hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis. Am J Med. 1985;79:284
  10. Nicar MJ, Peterson R, Pak CYC. Use of potassium citrate as potassium supplement during thiazide therapy of calcium nephrolithiasis. J Urol. 1984;131:430
  11. Pak CYC, Fuller CJ, Sakhaee K, Preminger GM, Britton F. Long-term treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate. J Urol. 1985;134:11
  12. Pak CYC, McGuire JL, Peterson R, Britton F, Harrod MJ. Familial absorptive hypercalciuria in a large kindred. J Urol. 1981;126:717
  13. Preminger GM, Pak CYC. Eventual attenuation of hypocalciuric response to hydrochlorothiazide in absorptive hypercalciuria. J Urol. 1987;137:1104
  14. Sakhaee K, Adams-Huet B, Moe OW, Pak CYC. Pathophysiologic basis for normouricosuric uric acid nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int. 2002;62:971
  15. Abate N, Chandalia M, Cabo-Chan AV, Moe OW, Sakhaee K. The metabolic syndrome and uric acid nephrolithiasis: novel features of renal manifestation of insulin resistance. Kidney Int. 2004;65:386
  16. Harvey JA, Pak CYC. Gouty diathesis and sarcoidosis in a patient with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. J Urol. 1988;139:1287
  17. Khatchadourian J, Preminger GM, Whitson P, Adams-Huet B, Pak CYC. Clinical and biochemical presentation of gouty diathesis: comparison of uric acid versus pure calcium stone formation. J Urol. 1995;54:1665
  18. Pak CYC, Sakhaee K, Moe OW, Preminger GM, Poindexter J, Peterson R, et al. Biochemical profile on stone-forming patients with diabetes mellitus. Urology. 2003;61:523
  19. Pak CYC, Hayashi Y, Finlayson B, Chu S. Estimation of the state of saturation of brushite and calcium oxalate in urine: a comparison of three methods. J Lab Clin Med. 1977;89:891
  20. Pak CYC, Poindexter J, Finlayson B. A model system for assessing physicochemical factors affecting calcium absorbability from the intestinal tract. J Bone Miner Res. 1989;4:119
  21. Nicar MJ, Skurla C, Sakhaee K, Pak CYC. Low urinary citrate excretion in nephrolithiasis. Urology. 1983;21:8
  22. Nicar MJ, Hill K, Pak CYC. Inhibition by citrate of spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate in vitro. J Bone Miner Res. 1987;2:215
  23. Pak CYC, Rodgers K, Poindexter JR and Sakhaee K: New methods for assessing crystal growth and saturation of brushite in whole urine: effect of pH, calcium and citrate. Unpublished data.
  24. Pak CYC, Fuller CJ, Sakhaee K, Zerwekh J, Adams BV. Management of cystine nephrolithiasis with alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine. J Urol. 1986;136:1003
  25. Pak CYC, Adams-Huet B, Poindexter J, Pearle MS, Peterson R. Relative effect of urinary calcium and oxalate on saturation of calcium oxalate. Kidney Int. 2004;66:2032
  26. Traxer O, Huet B, Pak CYC, Pearle MS. Effect of ascorbic acid consumption on urinary stone risk factors. J Urol. 2003;170:397
  27. Matsumoto ED, Heller HJ, Adams-Huet B, Brinkley LJ, Pak CYC, Pearle MS. Effect of a high and low calcium diet on stone-forming risk during liberal oxalate intake. J Urol. 2006;176:132
  28. Pak CYC, Poindexter JR, Pearle M, Sakhaee K, Peterson RD. Effect of dietary modification on stone risk factors. Kidney Int. 2005;68:2264
  29. Gettman MT, Ogan K, Brinkley LJ, Adams-Huet B, Pak CYC, Pearle MS. Effect of cranberry juice consumption on urinary stone risk factors. J Urol. 2005;174:590
  30. Odvina CV. Comparative value of orange juice versus lemonade in reducing stone-forming risk. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:1269
  31. Wabner CL, Pak CYC. Effect of orange juice consumption on urinary stone risk factors. J Urol. 1993;149:1405
  32. Pak CYC. General guidelines in medical evaluation. In:  Resnick MI,  Pak CYC editor. Urolithiasis: A Medical and Surgical Reference. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1990;p. 153–172
  33. Coe FL, Raisen L. Allopurinol treatment of uric-acid disorders in calcium stone formers. Lancet. 1973;1:129
  34. Pak CYC, Griffith DP, Menon M, Preminger GM, Resnick M. Urolithiasis. In:  Bone RC,  Glassock R editor. Current Practice of Medicine. 4:Philadelphia: Current Medicine; 1996;p. 13.3
  35. Pak CYC, Skurla C, Harvey JA. Graphic display of urinary risk factors for renal stone formation. J Urol. 1985;134:867
  36. Resnick MI, Pak CYC. Urolithiasis: A Medical and Surgical Reference. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1990;
  37. Barcelo P, Wuhl O, Servitge E, Rousaud A, Pak CYC. Randomized double-blind study of potassium citrate in idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis. J Urol. 1993;150:1761
  38. Pak CYC, Peterson R, Poindexter J. Adequacy of a single stone risk analysis in the medical evaluation of urolithiasis. J Urol. 2000;165:378
  39. Pak CYC, Heller H, Pearle MS, Odvina CV, Poindexter J, Peterson R. Prevention of stone formation and bone loss in absorptive hypercalciuria by combined dietary and pharmacological interventions. J Urol. 2003;169:465
  40. Pak CYC, Peterson R, Poindexter J. Prevention of spinal bone loss by potassium citrate in calcium urolithiasis. J Urol. 2001;168:31

 Supported by National Institutes of Health continuing research grant support since 1972 and Program Project Grant P01-DK20543.

PII: S0022-5347(08)01284-6

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.05.048

The Journal of Urology
Volume 180, Issue 3 , Pages 813-819 , September 2008

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