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Volume 179, Issue 5 , Pages 1690-1699 , May 2008

Surgical Simulation: A Urological Perspective

Geoffrey R. Wignall
- Division of Urology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
John D. Denstedt
- Division of Urology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Division of Urology, University of Western Ontario, 268 Grosvenor St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2 (telephone: 519-646-6036; FAX: 519-646-6037).
- Financial interest and/or other relationship with Boston Scientific, Cook Urological and Olympus.
Glenn M. Preminger
- Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Financial interest and/or other relationship with Mission Pharmacal and Boston Scientific.
Jeffrey A. Cadeddu
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
Margaret S. Pearle
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
- Financial interest and/or other relationship with Cook Urological, Boston Scientific and Percutaneous Systems.
Robert M. Sweet
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Financial interest and/or other relationship with Medical Education Technologies, Inc. and Red Llama Technologies Inc.
Elspeth M. McDougall
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
- Financial interest and/or other relationship with Astellas, Karl Storz, Intuitive Surgical, Simbionix, Ethicon Endo-Surgical, EndoCare and METI, Inc.