The Journal of Urology
Volume 179, Issue 5 , Pages 1804-1810 , May 2008

PCA3 Molecular Urine Assay Correlates With Prostate Cancer Tumor Volume: Implication in Selecting Candidates for Active Surveillance

  • Hiroyuki Nakanishi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
    • ,
  • Jack Groskopf

      Affiliations

    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • Gen-Probe Incorporated, San Diego, California
    • ,
  • Herbert A. Fritsche

      Affiliations

    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
    • ,
  • Viju Bhadkamkar

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
    • ,
  • Amy Blase

      Affiliations

    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • Gen-Probe Incorporated, San Diego, California
    • ,
  • S. Vikas Kumar

      Affiliations

    • Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
    • ,
  • John W. Davis

      Affiliations

    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Intuitive Surgical.
    • Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
    • ,
  • Patricia Troncoso

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
    • ,
  • Harry Rittenhouse

      Affiliations

    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • Gen-Probe Incorporated, San Diego, California
    • ,
  • R. Joseph Babaian

      Affiliations

    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Endocare and Gen-Probe.
    • Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence and requests for reprints: Department of Urology, Unit 1373, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030 (telephone: 713-563-7471; FAX: 713-794-4824).

Received 27 August 2007

References 

  1. Catalona WJ, Smith DS, Ratliff TL, Dodds KM, Coplen DE, Yuan JJ, et al. Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1156
  2. Loeb S, Gonzalez CM, Roehl KA, Han M, Antenor JA, Yap RL, et al. Pathological characteristics of prostate cancer detected through prostate specific antigen based screening. J Urol. 2006;175:902
  3. Stamey TA, Freiha FS, McNeal JE, Redwine EA, Whittemore AS, Schmid HP. Localized prostate cancer (Relationship of tumor volume to clinical significance for treatment of prostate cancer). Cancer. 1993;71:933
  4. Klotz L. Active surveillance for prostate cancer: for whom?. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:8165
  5. Ochiai A, Troncoso P, Babaian RJ. The relationship between serum prostate specific antigen level and tumor volume persists in the current era. J Urol. 2007;177:903
  6. Stamey TA, Caldwell M, McNeal JE, Nolley R, Hemenez M, Downs J. The prostate specific antigen era in the United States is over for prostate cancer: what happened in the last 20 years?. J Urol. 2004;172:1297
  7. Bradford TJ, Tomlins SA, Wang X, Chinnaiyan AM. Molecular markers of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 2006;24:538
  8. Bussemakers MJ, van Bokhoven A, Verhaegh GW, Smit FP, Karthaus HF, Schalken JA, et al. DD3: a new prostate-specific gene, highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1999;59:5975
  9. de Kok JB, Verhaegh GW, Roelofs RW, Hessels D, Kiemeney LA, Aalders TW, et al. DD3(PCA3), a very sensitive and specific marker to detect prostate tumors. Cancer Res. 2002;62:2695
  10. Hessels D, Klein Gunnewiek JM, van Oort I, Karthaus HF, van Leenders GJ, van Balken B, et al. DD3 (PCA3)-based molecular urine analysis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2003;44:8
  11. Groskopf J, Aubin SM, Deras IL, Blasé A, Bodrug S, Clark C, et al. APTIMA PCA3 molecular urine test: development of a method to aid in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Clin Chem. 2006;52:1089
  12. Marks LS, Fradet Y, Deras IL, Blasé A, Mathis J, Aubin SM, et al. PCA3 molecular urine assay for prostate cancer in men undergoing repeat biopsy. Urology. 2007;69:532
  13. van Gils MP, Hessels D, van Hooij O, Jannink SA, Peelen WP, Hanssen SL, et al. The time-resolved fluorescence-based PCA3 test on urinary sediments after digital rectal examination; a Dutch multicenter validation of the diagnostic performance. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:939
  14. Ochiai A, Troncoso P, Chen ME, Lloreta J, Babaian RJ. The relationship between tumor volume and the number of positive cores in men undergoing multisite extended biopsy: implication for expectant management. J Urol. 2005;174:2164
  15. Meng FJ, Shan A, Jin L, Young CY. The expression of a variant prostate-specific antigen in human prostate. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11:305
  16. Babaian RJ, Troncoso P, Bhadkamkar VA, Johnston DA. Analysis of clinicopathologic factors predicting outcome after radical prostatectomy. Cancer. 2000;91:1414
  17. Chen ME, Johnson D, Reyes AO, Soto CP, Babaian RJ, Troncoso P. A streamlined three-dimensional volume estimation method accurately classifies prostate tumors by volume. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:1291
  18. Epstein JI, Chan DW, Sokoll LJ, Walsh PC, Cox JL, Rittenhouse H, et al. Nonpalpable stage T1c prostate cancer: prediction of insignificant disease using free/total prostate specific antigen levels and needle biopsy findings. J Urol. 1998;160:2407
  19. Tinzl M, Marberger M, Horvath S, Chypre C. DD3PCA3 RNA analysis in urine–a new perspective for detecting prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2004;46:182

 Supported by Gen-Probe Incorporated, Atlanta, Georgia.

 See Editorial on page 1658.

 For another article on a related topic see page 2020.

PII: S0022-5347(08)00016-5

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.013

The Journal of Urology
Volume 179, Issue 5 , Pages 1804-1810 , May 2008

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