The Journal of Urology
Volume 179, Issue 4 , Pages 1587-1592 , April 2008

PCA3: A Molecular Urine Assay for Predicting Prostate Biopsy Outcome

  • Ina L. Deras

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, California
    • Equal study contribution.
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • ,
  • Sheila M.J. Aubin

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, California
    • Equal study contribution.
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • ,
  • Amy Blase

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • ,
  • John R. Day

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • ,
  • Seongjoon Koo

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • ,
  • Alan W. Partin

      Affiliations

    • The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • ,
  • William J. Ellis

      Affiliations

    • University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Amgen, Medtronic and Onconome.
    • ,
  • Leonard S. Marks

      Affiliations

    • Urological Sciences Research Foundation, Los Angeles, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Allergan, American Medical Systems, Astellas, Bayer, Beckman Coulter, Diagnostic Ultrasound, GTX, GlaxoSmithKline, Gen-Probe, Light Science Oncology, Lilly ICOS, Merck, Novartis, Onconome, Pfizer, Sanofi, Solfay, Watson, National Institutes of Health Early Detection Research Network, Prostate Cancer Foundation CapCURE, Pardee Foundation and Seder Foundation.
    • ,
  • Yves Fradet

      Affiliations

    • Diagnocure Inc. and Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with DiagnoCure, AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline.
    • ,
  • Harry Rittenhouse

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • ,
  • Jack Groskopf

      Affiliations

    • Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, California
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Gen-Probe.
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Gen-Probe Inc., 10210 Genetic Center Dr., San Diego, California 92121 (telephone: 858-410-8850; FAX: 858-410-8302).

Received 3 July 2007

References 

  1. Bunting PS. Screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen: beware the biases. Clin Chim Acta. 2002;315:71
  2. Thompson IM, Ankerst DP, Chi C, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, et al. Assessing prostate cancer risk: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:529
  3. Guinan P, Bhatti R, Ray P. An evaluation of prostate specific antigen in prostatic cancer. J Urol. 1987;137:686
  4. Stamey TA, Yang N, Hay AR, McNeal JE, Freiha FS, Redwine E. Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:909
  5. Tchetgen MB, Oesterling JE. The effect of prostatitis, urinary retention, ejaculation, and ambulation on the serum prostate-specific antigen concentration. Urol Clin North Am. 1997;24:283
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  7. Catalona WJ, Partin AW, Slawin KM, Brawer MK, Flanigan RC, Patel A, et al. Use of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to enhance differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease: a prospective multicenter clinical trial. JAMA. 1998;279:1542
  8. Carter HB, Ferrucci L, Kettermann A, Landis P, Wright EJ, Epstein JI, et al. Detection of life-threatening prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen velocity during a window of curability. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:1521
  9. Steuber T, Helo P, Lilja H. Circulating biomarkers for prostate cancer. World J Urol. 2007;25:111
  10. Hessels D, Klein Gunnewiek JM, van Oort I, Karthaus HF, van Leenders GJ, van Balken B, et al. DD3(PCA3)-based molecular urine analysis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2003;44:8
  11. Fradet Y, Saad F, Aprikian A, Dessureault J, Elhilali M, Trudel C, et al. uPM3, a new molecular urine test for the detection of prostate cancer. Urology. 2004;64:311
  12. Tao ZH, Mao XL, Wang CH, Chen XD, Yu KY, Weng ZL, et al. Quantitative detection of DD3 mRNA in prostate cancer tissues by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2007;13:130
  13. Marks LS, Fradet Y, Deras IL, Blase A, Mathis J, Aubin SM, et al. PCA3 molecular urine assay for prostate cancer in men undergoing repeat biopsy. Urology. 2007;69:532
  14. Bussemakers MJ, van Bokhoven A, Verhaegh GW, Smit FP, Karthaus HF, Schalken JA, et al. DD3: a new prostate-specific gene, highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1999;59:5975
  15. de Kok JB, Verhaegh GW, Roelofs RW, Hessels D, Kiemeney LA, Aalders TW, et al. DD3(PCA3), a very sensitive and specific marker to detect prostate tumors. Cancer Res. 2002;62:2695
  16. van Gils MP, Hessels D, van Hooij O, Jannink SA, Peelen WP, Hanssen SL, et al. The time-resolved fluorescence-based PCA3 test on urinary sediments after digital rectal examination; a Dutch multicenter validation of the diagnostic performance. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:939
  17. Groskopf J, Aubin SM, Deras IL, Blase A, Bodrug S, Clark C, et al. APTIMA PCA3 molecular urine test: development of a method to aid in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Clin Chem. 2006;52:1089
  18. DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44:837
  19. Thompson IM, Bermejo C, Hernandez J, Basler JA, Canby-Hagino E. Screening for prostate cancer: opportunities and challenges. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2005;14:747
  20. Parekh DJ, Ankerst DP, Higgins BA, Hernandez J, Canby-Hagino E, Brand T, et al. External validation of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator in a screened population. Urology. 2006;68:1152

 Study received approval from the institutional review board at each site.

 Supported by Early Detection Research Network Award CA86323, National Cancer Institute.

PII: S0022-5347(07)03077-7

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.038

The Journal of Urology
Volume 179, Issue 4 , Pages 1587-1592 , April 2008

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