The Journal of Urology
Volume 178, Issue 3, Supplement , Pages S25-S29 , September 2007

Prostate Specific Antigen Only Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer: Natural History, Challenges in Management and Clinical Trial Design

  • Charles J. Ryan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and University of California-San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Urologic Oncology Program, University of California-San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1600 Divisadero St., San Francisco, California 94143 (telephone: 415-353-9279).
    • ,
  • Tomasz M. Beer

      Affiliations

    • Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University and Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon
    • Financial interest and/or other relationship with Novartis.

References 

  1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E. Cancer statistics, 2006. CA Cancer J Clin. 2006;56:106
  2. Messing E, Manola J, Wilding G, Sarosdy M, Crawford D, Trump D. Immediate hormonal therapy vs observation for node positive prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy: a randomized phase III Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group/Inter Group Trial. J Urol. 1999;161:673
  3. Pilepich MV, Winter K, John MJ, Mesic JB, Sause W, Rubin P, et al. Phase III radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) trial 86-10 of androgen deprivation adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;50:1243
  4. Bolla M, Gonzalez D, Warde P, Dubois JB, Merimanoff RO, Storme G, et al. Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin. N Engl J Med. 1997;295
  5. Mehta S, Lubeck D, Sadetsky N. Patterns of secondary cancer treatment for biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy: data from CaPSURE. J Urol. 2004;171:215
  6. Stewart AJ, Scher HI, Chen MH, McLeod DG, Carroll PR, Moul JW, et al. Prostate-specific antigen nadir and cancer-specific mortality following hormonal therapy for prostate-specific antigen failure. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:6556
  7. D’Amico AV, Moul JW, Carroll PR, Cote K, Sun L, Lubeck D, et al. Intermediate end point for prostate cancer-specific mortality following salvage hormonal therapy for prostate-specific antigen failure. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:509
  8. Smith MR, Kabbinavar F, Saad F, Hussain A, Gittelman MC, Bilhartz DL, et al. Natural history of rising serum prostate-specific antigen in men with castrate nonmetastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2918
  9. LaTulippe E, Satagopan J, Smith A, Scher H, Scardino P, Reuter V, et al. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of prostate cancer reveals distinct transcriptional programs associated with metastatic disease. Cancer Res. 2002;62:4499
  10. Holzbeierlein J, Lal P, LaTulippe E, Smith A, Satagopan J, Zhang L, et al. Gene expression analysis of human prostate carcinoma during hormonal therapy identifies androgen-responsive genes and mechanisms of therapy resistance. Am J Pathol. 2004;164:217
  11. Edwards J, Krishna NS, Grigor KM, Bartlett JM. Androgen receptor gene amplification and protein expression in hormone refractory prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2003;89:552
  12. Scher HI, Sawyers CL. Biology of progressive, castration-resistant prostate cancer: directed therapies targeting the androgen-receptor signaling axis. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:8253
  13. Titus MA, Schell MJ, Lih FB, Tomer KB, Mohler JL. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone tissue levels in recurrent prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:4653
  14. Bubley GJ, Carducci M, Dahut W, Dawson N, Daliani D, Eisenberger M, et al. Eligibility and response guidelines for phase II clinical trials in androgen-independent prostate cancer: recommendations from the Prostate-Specific Antigen Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:3461
  15. Smith MR, Manola J, Kaufman DS, George D, Oh WK, Mueller E, et al. Rosiglitazone versus placebo for men with prostate carcinoma and a rising serum prostate-specific antigen level after radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy. Cancer. 2004;101:1569
  16. Carducci MA, Padley RJ, Breul J, Vogelzang NJ, Zonnenberg BA, Daliani DD, et al. Effect of endothelin-A receptor blockade with atrasentan on tumor progression in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a randomized, phase II, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:679
  17. Figg WD, Liu Y, Arlen P, Gulley J, Steinberg SM, Liewehr DJ, et al. A randomized, phase II trial of ketoconazole plus alendronate versus ketoconazole alone in patients with androgen independent prostate cancer and bone metastases. J Urol. 2005;173:790
  18. Lin AM, Fong K, Weinberg V, Rini BI, Ryan CJ, Rosenberg J et al: A phase II trial of imatinib mesylate in prostate cancer patients with biochemical relapse after definitive local therapy. Presented at Multidisciplinary Prostate Cancer Symposium, Orlando, Florida, February 17–25, 2005.
  19. O’Donnell A, Judson I, Dowsett M, Raynaud F, Dearnaley D, Mason M, et al. Hormonal impact of the 17alpha-hydroxylase/C(17,20)-lyase inhibitor abiraterone acetate (CB7630) in patients with prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:2317
  20. Ryan C, Rosenberg J, Lin L, Ruttner V, Weinberg V and Small E: Outcome of patients with non-metastatic versus metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) treated with second-line hormonal therapy consisting of ketoconazole (keto) plus granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Presented at annual meeting of American Society of Clinical Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, June 2–6, 2006.

PII: S0022-5347(07)00824-5

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.136

The Journal of Urology
Volume 178, Issue 3, Supplement , Pages S25-S29 , September 2007

Article Tools