The Journal of Urology
Volume 176, Issue 4 , Pages 1292-1298 , October 2006

Metastatic Prostate Cancer—Does Treatment of the Primary Tumor Matter?

Received 16 June 2005

References 

  1. Hiramoto RN , Ghanta VK . Surgical adjuvant chemotherapy of metastatic murine osteosarcoma . Int J Cancer . 1980;25:393
  2. Simpson JR , Horton J , Scott C , Curran WJ , Rubin P , Fischbach J , et al.   Influence of location and extent of surgical resection on survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (results of three consecutive Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) clinical trials) . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 1993;26:239
  3. Nitta T , Sato K . Prognostic implications of the extent of surgical resection in patients with intracranial malignant gliomas . Cancer . 1995;75:2727
  4. Swanson GP , Rynearson K , Symmonds R . Significance of margins of excision on breast cancer recurrence . Am J Clin Oncol (CCT) . 2002;25:438
  5. Winer EP , Morrow M , Osborne CK , Harris JR . Malignant tumors of the breast . In:  DeVita VT ,  Hellman S ,  Rosenberg SA editor. Cancer (Principles and Practice of Oncology) . 6th ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001;p. 1651–1717
  6. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group . Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer (an overview of the randomized trials) . Lancet . 1998;352:930
  7. Hoskins WJ , McGuire WP , Brady MF , Homesley HD , Creasman WT , Berman M , et al.   The effect of diameter of largest residual disease on survival after primary cytoreductive surgery in patients with suboptimal residual epithelial ovarian carcinoma . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1994;170:974
  8. Bristow RE , Tomacruz RS , Armstrong DK , Trimble EL , Montz FJ . Survival effect of maximal cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian carcinoma during the platinum era (a meta-analysis) . J Clin Oncol . 2002;20:1248
  9. Glehen O , Mohamed F , Gilly FN . Peritoneal carcinomatosis from digestive tract cancer (new management by cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia) . Lancet Oncol . 2004;5:219
  10. Temple LK , Hsieh L , Wong WD , Saltz L , Shrag D . Use of surgery among elderly patients with stage IV colorectal cancer . J Clin Oncol . 2004;22:3475
  11. Vecht CJ , Haaxma-Reiche H , Noordijk EM , Padberg GW , Voormolen JH , Hoekstra FH , et al.   Treatment of single brain metastasis (radiotherapy alone or combined with neurosurgery?) . Ann Neurol . 1993;33:583
  12. Fong Y . Surgical therapy of hepatic colorectal metastasis . CA Cancer J Clin . 1999;49:231
  13. van Geel AN , Pastorino U , Jauch KW , Judson IR , van Coevorden F , Buesa JM , et al.   Surgical treatment of lung metastases (The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer—Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group study of 255 patients) . Cancer . 1996;77:675
  14. Swanson DA , Wallace S . Surgery of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and use of renal infarction . Semin Surg Oncol . 1988;4:124
  15. Gottesman JE , Crawford ED , Grossman HB , Scardino P , McCracken JD . Infarction-nephrectomy for metastatic renal carcinoma . Urology . 1985;25:248
  16. Kurth KH , Debruyne FMJ , Hall RR , Denis L , Verbaes A , Bollack C , et al.   Embolization and postinfarction nephrectomy in patients with primary metastatic renal adenocarcinoma . Eur Urol . 1987;13:251
  17. Mickisch GH , Garin A , van Poppel H , de Prijck L , Sylvester R  European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Genitourinary Group . Radical nephrectomy plus interferon alfa based immunotherapy compared with interferon alfa alone in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (a randomized trial) . Lancet . 2001;358:966
  18. Flanigan RC , Salmon SE , Blumenstein BA , Bearman SI , Roy V , McGrath PC , et al.   Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal-cell cancer . N Engl J Med . 2001;345:1655
  19. Elhilali MM , Gleave M , Fradet Y , Davis L , Venner P , Saad F , et al.  The Canadian Urologic Oncology Group   Placebo-associated remissions in a multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial of interferon gamma-1b for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma . BJU Int . 2000;86:613
  20. Ohba K , Omagari K , Nakamura T , Ikuno N , Saeki S , Matsuo I , et al.   Abscopal regression of hepatocellular carcinoma after radiotherapy for bone metastasis . Gut . 1998;43:575
  21. Camphausen K , Moses MA , Menard C , Sproull M , Beecken WD , Folkman J , et al.   Radiation abscopal antitumor effect is mediated through p53 . Cancer Res . 2003;63:1990
  22. Hartford AC , Gohongi T , Fukumura D , Jain RK . Irradiation of a primary tumor, unlike surgical removal, enhances angiogenesis suppression at a distal site (potential role for host-tumor interaction) . Cancer Res . 2000;60:2128
  23. Zagars GK , Pollack A , von Eschenbach AC . Addition of radiation therapy to androgen ablation improves outcome for subclinically node-positive prostate cancer . Urology . 2001;58:233
  24. Ghavamian R , Bergstralh EJ , Blute ML , Slezak J , Zincke H . Radical retropubic prostatectomy plus orchiectomy versus orchiectomy alone for pTxN+ prostate cancer (a matched comparison) . J Urol . 1999;161:1223
  25. Schmeller N , Lubos W . Early endocrine therapy versus radical prostatectomy combined with early endocrine therapy for stage D1 prostate cancer . Br J Urol . 1997;79:226
  26. Aus G , Nordenskjold K , Robinson D , Rosell J , Varenhorst E . Prognostic factors and survival in node-positive (N1) prostate cancer-a prospective study based on data from a Swedish population-based cohort . Eur Urol . 2003;43:627
  27. Robnett TJ , Whittington R , Malkowicz SB , Brereton HD , Van Arsdalen K , Drach G , et al.   Long-term use of combined radiation therapy and hormonal therapy in the management of stage D1 prostate cancer . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2002;53:1146
  28. Lawton CA , Winter K , Byhardt R , Sause WT , Hanks GE , Russell AH , et al.  Radiation Therapy Oncology Group   Androgen suppression plus radiation versus radiation alone for patients with D1 (pN1+) adenocarcinoma of the prostate (results based on a national prospective randomized trial, RTOG 85-31) . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 1997;28:931
  29. Cheng L , Zincke H , Blute ML , Bergstralh EJ , Scherer B , Bostwick DG . Risk of prostate cancer death in patients with lymph node metastasis . Cancer . 2001;91:66
  30. Messing EM , Manola J , Sarosdy M , Wilding G , Crawford ED , Trump D . Immediate hormonal therapy compared with observation after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in men with node-positive prostate cancer (results at 10 years of EST 3886) . J Urol . 2003;169(suppl.):396; abstract 1480
  31. Da Pozzo L , Cozzarini C , Bertini R , Colombo R , Mazzoccoli B , Roscigno M , et al.   Radical prostatectomy for node-positive prostate cancer (impact of adjuvant hormone therapy and radiotherapy) . J Urol . 2003;169(suppl.):494; abstract 1850
  32. Cadeddu JA , Partin AW , Epstein J , Walsh PC . Stage D1 (T1-3, N1-3, M0) prostate cancer (a case-controlled comparison of conservative treatment versus radical prostatectomy) . Urology . 1997;50:251
  33. Pilepich MV , Krall JM , al-Sarraf M , John MJ , Doggett RL , Sause WT , et al.   Androgen deprivation with radiation therapy compared with radiation therapy alone for locally advanced prostatic carcinoma (a randomized comparative trial of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) . Urology . 1995;45:616
  34. Bolla M , Collette L , Blank L , Warde P , Dubois JB , Mirimanoff RO , et al.   Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study) (a phase III randomised trial) . Lancet . 2002;360:103
  35. Roach M , DeSilvio M , Lawton C , Uhl V , Machtay M , Seider MJ , et al.   Phase III trial comparing whole-pelvic versus prostate-only radiotherapy and neoadjuvant versus adjuvant combined androgen suppression (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9413) . J Clin Oncol . 2003;21:1904
  36. Ward JF , Slezak JM , Blute ML , Bergstralh EJ , Zincke H . Radical prostatectomy for clinically advanced (cT3) prostate cancer since the advent of prostate specific antigen testing (15-year outcome) . BJU Int . 2005;95:751
  37. Kadmon D , Heston WD , Fair WR . Treatment of a metastatic prostate derived tumor with surgery and chemotherapy . J Urol . 1982;127:1238
  38. Henry JM , Isaacs JT . Relationship between tumor size and the curability of metastatic prostate cancer by surgery alone or in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy . J Urol . 1988;139:1119
  39. Swanson GP , Riggs M , Earle J . Failure after primary radiation or surgery for prostate cancer (differences in response to androgen ablation) . J Urol . 2004;172:525
  40. Thompson IM , Tangen C , Basler J , Crawford ED . Impact of previous local treatment for prostate cancer on subsequent metastatic disease . J Urol . 2002;168:1008
  41. Carducci M , Nelson JB , Saad F , Schulman CC , Dearnaley Sleep DJ , et al.   Effects of atrasentan on disease progression and biological markers in men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (phase 3 study) . J Clin Oncol . 2004;22(suppl.):4508
  42. Hu JC , Gold KF , Pashos CL , Mehta SS , Litwin MS . Temporal trends in radical prostatectomy complications from 1991 to 1998 . J Urol . 2003;169:1443
  43. Sallah S , Gagnon G . A reversion of primary hyperfibrinogenolysis in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer using docetaxel . Cancer Invest . 2000;18:191
  44. Palapattu GS , Kristo B , Rajfer J . Paraneoplastic syndromes in urologic malignancy (the many faces of renal cell carcinoma) . Rev Urol . 2002;4:163
  45. Giri D , Ozen M , Ittman M . Interleukin-6 is an autocrine growth factor in human prostate cancer . Am J Pathol . 2001;159:2159
  46. Iwamura M , Abrahamsson PA , Foss KA , Wu G , Cockett AT , Deftos LJ . Parathyroid hormone-related protein (a potential autocrine growth regulator in human prostate cancer cell lines) . Urology . 1994;43:675
  47. Sehgal I , Powers S , Huntley B , Powis G , Pittelkow M , Maihle NJ . Neurotensin is an autocrine trophic factor stimulated by androgen withdrawal in human prostate cancer . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 1994;91:4673
  48. Suzuki T , Moriya T , Ishida T , Ohuchi N , Sasano H . Intracrine mechanism of estrogen synthesis in breast cancer . Biomed Pharmacother . 2003;57:460
  49. Negri-Cesi P , Motta M . Androgen metabolism in the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP . J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol . 1994;51:89

PII: S0022-5347(06)01449-2

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.069

The Journal of Urology
Volume 176, Issue 4 , Pages 1292-1298 , October 2006

Article Tools