The Journal of Urology
Volume 176, Issue 4 , Pages 1283-1291 , October 2006

Bladder/Prostate Rhabdomyosarcoma: Past, Present and Future

  • Fernando A. Ferrer

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatric Urology, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
    • Department of Oncology, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Department of Urology, Suite 2G, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06106 (telephone: 860-545-9658; FAX: 860-545-9545).
    • ,
  • Michael Isakoff

      Affiliations

    • Department of Oncology, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
    • ,
  • Martin A. Koyle

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pediatric Urology, Denver Children’s Hospital, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado

Received 1 August 2005

References 

  1. Wiener E . Rhabdomyosarcoma . In:  O’Neil JA ,  Rowe MI ,  Grosfeld JL , et al. editor. Pediatric Surgery . 5th ed.. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby; 1998;p. 431–445
  2. Pack G , Eberhart W . Rhabdomyosarcoma of the skeletal muscle (report of 100 cases) . Surgery . 1952;32:1032
  3. Horn RC , Enterline HT . Rhabdomyosarcoma (a clinicopathological study and classification of 39 cases) . Cancer . 1958;11:181
  4. Stobbe GD , Dargeon HW . Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in children and adolescents . Cancer . 1950;3:826
  5. Pinkel D , Pinkeron J . Rhabdomyosarcoma in children . JAMA . 1961;175:293
  6. Raney B , Heyn R , Hays DM , Tefft M , Newton WA , Wharam M , et al.   Sequelae of treatment in 109 patients followed for 5 to 15 years after diagnosis of sarcoma of the bladder and prostate. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Committee . Cancer . 1993;71:2387
  7. Johnson DG . Trends in surgery for childhood rhabdomyosarcoma . Cancer . 1975;35(suppl.):916
  8. Raney RB , Gehan EA , Hays DM , Tefft M , Newton WA , Haeberlen V , et al.   Primary chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy and/or surgery for children with localized sarcoma of the bladder, prostate, vagina, uterus, and cervix. A comparison of the results in Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies I and II . Cancer . 1990;66:2072
  9. Michalkiewicz EL , Rao BN , Gross E , Luo X , Bowman LC , Pappo AS , et al.   Complications of pelvic exenteration in children who have genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma . J Pediatr Surg . 1997;32:1277
  10. Hays DM . Bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma (results of the multi-institutional trials of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study) . Semin Surg Oncol . 1993;9:520
  11. Lawrence W , Hays DM , Moon TE . Lymphatic metastasis with childhood rhabdomyosarcoma . Cancer . 1977;39:556
  12. Tefft M , Hays D , Raney RB , Lawrence W , Soule E , Donaldson MH , et al.   Radiation to regional nodes for rhabdomyosarcoma of the genitourinary tract in children: is it necessary? A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study No. 1 (IRS-1) . Cancer . 1980;45:3065
  13. Maurer HM , Gehan EA , Beltangady M , Crist W , Dickman PS , Donaldson SS , et al.   The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-II . Cancer . 1993;71:1904
  14. Crist W , Gehan EA , Ragab AH , Dickman PS , Donaldson SS , Fryer C , et al.   The Third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study . J Clin Oncol . 1995;13:610
  15. Lobe TE , Wiener E , Andrassy RJ , Bagwell CE , Hays D , Crist WM , et al.   The argument for conservative, delayed surgery in the management of prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma . J Pediatr Surg . 1996;31:1084
  16. Hays DM , Raney RB , Wharam MD , Wiener E , Lobe TE , Andrassy RJ , et al.   Children with vesical rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) treated by partial cystectomy with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) Committee . J Pediatr Hematol Oncol . 1995;17:46
  17. Arndt C , Rodeberg D , Breitfeld PP , Raney RB , Ullrich F , Donaldson S . Does bladder preservation (as a surgical principle) lead to retaining bladder function in bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma? Results from Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV . J Urol . 2004;171:2396
  18. Crist WM , Anderson JR , Meza JL , Fryer C , Raney RB , Ruymann FB , et al.   Intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study-IV (results for patients with nonmetastatic disease) . J Clin Oncol . 2001;19:3091
  19. Donaldson SS , Meza J , Breneman JC , Crist WM , Laurie F , Qualman SJ , et al.   Results from the IRS-IV randomized trial of hyperfractionated radiotherapy in children with rhabdomyosarcoma—a report from the IRSG . Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2001;51:718
  20. Newton WA , Gehan EA , Webber BL , Marsden HB , van Unnik AJ , Hamoudi AB , et al.   Classification of rhabdomyosarcomas and related sarcomas. Pathologic aspects and proposal for a new classification–an Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study . Cancer . 1995;76:1073
  21. Maurer HM , Moon T , Donaldson M , Fernandez C , Gehan EA , Hammond D , et al.   The intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study (a preliminary report) . Cancer . 1977;40:2015
  22. Anderson JR . Personal communication . 2006;
  23. Tsokos M , Webber BL , Parham DM , Wesley RA , Miser A , Miser JS , et al.   Rhabdomyosarcoma. A new classification scheme related to prognosis . Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1992;116:847
  24. Morotti, R. A. N. K., Parham, D. M., Teot, L. A., Moore, J., Hayes, J., Meyer, W. H. et al: An immunohistochemical algorithm to facilitate diagnosis and subtyping of rhabdomyosarcoma: the Children’s Oncology Group experience. Unpublished data
  25. Sorensen PH , Lynch JC , Qualman SJ , Tirabosco R , Lim JF , Maurer HM , et al.   PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR gene fusions are prognostic indicators in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (a report from the children’s oncology group) . J Clin Oncol . 2002;20:2672
  26. Lauro S , Lalle M , Scucchi L , Vecchione A . Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in an elderly patient . Anticancer Res . 1995;15:627
  27. Hama Y , Okizuka H , Kusano S . Pleomorphic sarcoma of the adult urinary bladder (sonographic findings) . J Clin Ultrasound . 2004;32:215
  28. Barr FG . Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma . J Pediatr Hematol Oncol . 1997;19:483
  29. Delattre O , Zucman J , Melot T , Garau XS , Zucker JM , Lenoir GM , et al.   The Ewing family of tumors—a subgroup of small-round-cell tumors defined by specific chimeric transcripts . N Engl J Med . 1994;331:294
  30. Dodd S , Malone M , McCulloch W . Rhabdomyosarcoma in children (a histological and immunohistochemical study of 59 cases) . J Pathol . 1989;158:13
  31. Parham DM , Webber B , Holt H , Williams WK , Maurer H . Immunohistochemical study of childhood rhabdomyosarcomas and related neoplasms. Results of an Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma study project . Cancer . 1991;67:3072
  32. Wilcox DT . Rhabdomyosarcoma . In:  Gearhart JP ,  Rink RC ,  Mouriquand PDE editor. Pediatric Urology . Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co; 2001;p. 885–895
  33. Lawrence W , Hays DM , Heyn R , Tefft M , Crist W , Beltangady M , et al.   Lymphatic metastases with childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study . Cancer . 1987;60:910
  34. Wexler L , Helman L . Rhabdomyosarcoma and the undifferentiated sarcomas . In:  Pizzo P ,  Poplack D editor. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology . Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997;p. 799–829
  35. Raney RB , Tefft M , Maurer HM , Ragab AH , Hays DM , Soule EH , et al.   Disease patterns and survival rate in children with metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS)-I . Cancer . 1988;62:1257
  36. Ruymann FB , Newton WA , Ragab AH , Donaldson MH , Foulkes M . Bone marrow metastases at diagnosis in children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma. A report from the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study . Cancer . 1984;53:368
  37. Cavenee WK . Muscling in on rhabdomyosarcoma . Nat Med . 2002;8:1200
  38. Sharp R , Recio JA , Jhappan C , Otsuka T , Liu S , Yu Y , et al.   Synergism between INK4a/ARF inactivation and aberrant HGF/SF signaling in rhabdomyosarcomagenesis . Nat Med . 2002;8:1276
  39. McCarville MB , Christie R , Daw NC , Spunt SL , Kaste SC . PET/CT in the evaluation of childhood sarcomas . AJR Am J Roentgenol . 2005;184:1293
  40. Snyder HM , D’Angio GL , Evans AE , Raney RB . Pediatric Oncology . In:  Walsh PC ,  Retick AB ,  Vaughan ED , et al. editor. Campbell’s Urology . 7th ed.. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co; 1998;p. 2210–2256
  41. Heyn R , Newton WA , Raney RB , Hamoudi A , Bagwell C , Vietti T , et al.   Preservation of the bladder in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma . J Clin Oncol . 1997;15:69
  42. Unpublished data
  43. Cosetti M , Wexler LH , Calleja E , Trippett T , LaQuaglia M , Huvos AG , et al.   Irinotecan for pediatric solid tumors (the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience) . J Pediatr Hematol Oncol . 2002;24:101
  44. Furman WL , Stewart CF , Poquette CA , Pratt CB , Santana VM , Zamboni WC , et al.   Direct translation of a protracted irinotecan schedule from a xenograft model to a phase I trial in children . J Clin Oncol . 1999;17:1815
  45. Leissner J , Allhoff EP , Wolff W , Feja C , Hockel M , Black P , et al.   The pelvic plexus and antireflux surgery (topographical findings and clinical consequences) . J Urol . 2001;165:1652
  46. Yucel S , Baskin LS . Neuroanatomy of the ureterovesical junction (clinical implications) . J Urol . 2003;170:945
  47. Levine LA , Richie JP . Urological complications of cyclophosphamide . J Urol . 1989;141:1063
  48. Brock N . The development of mesna for the inhibition of urotoxic side effects of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and other oxazaphosphorine cytostatics . Recent Results Cancer Res . 1980;74:270
  49. Droller MJ , Saral R , Santos G . Prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis . Urology . 1982;20:256
  50. Pedersen-Bjergaard J , Ersboll J , Hansen VL , Sorensen BL , Christoffersen K , Hou-Jensen K , et al.   Carcinoma of the urinary bladder after treatment with cyclophosphamide for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . N Engl J Med . 1988;318:1028
  51. Ehrlich RM , Freedman A , Goldsobel AB , Stiehm ER . The use of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate to prevent cyclophosphamide cystitis . J Urol . 1984;131:960
  52. Yeung CK , Ward HC , Ransley PG , Duffy PG , Pritchard J . Bladder and kidney function after cure of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood . Br J Cancer . 1994;70:1000
  53. Oehler W , Fiebig D , Lessel A , Harnisch T , Merkle K . Results of intensive radiotherapy of bladder cancer following transurethral tumor resection . Radiobiol Radiother (Berl) . 1989;30:39
  54. Sack H , Nosbuesch H , Stuetzer H . Radiotherapy of prostate carcinoma (results of treatment and complications) . Radiother Oncol . 1987;10:7
  55. Maier GJ . Effects on radiation on the kidney, bladder and prostate . Front Radiat Ther Oncol . 1972;6:196
  56. Fuller J , Kob D , Fritzsche V , Moller A , Pirlich W . Results of combined surgical-radiologic therapy of bladder cancer from the point of view of optimizing dose fractionation . Radiobiol Radiother (Berl) . 1988;29:455
  57. Fuller J , Kob D , Kriester A . Results of combined operative-radiologic therapy of bladder cancer from the viewpoint of optimizing the physical-technical irradiation planning . Radiobiol Radiother (Berl) . 1989;30:235
  58. Quilty PM , Duncan W , Kerr GR . Results of a randomised study to evaluate influence of dose on morbidity in radiotherapy for bladder cancer . Clin Radiol . 1985;36:615
  59. Lundbeck F , Ulso N , Overgaard J . Cystometric evaluation of early and late irradiation damage to the mouse urinary bladder . Radiother Oncol . 1989;15:383
  60. Dorr W , Schultz-Hector S . Early changes in mouse urinary bladder function following fractionated X irradiation . Radiat Res . 1992;131:35
  61. Dorr W , Beck-Bornholdt HP . Radiation-induced impairment of urinary bladder function in mice (fine structure of the acute response and consequences on late effects) . Radiat Res . 1999;151:461
  62. Kraft M , Oussoren Y , Stewart FA , Dorr W , Schultz-Hector S . Radiation-induced changes in transforming growth factor beta and collagen expression in the murine bladder wall and its correlation with bladder function . Radiat Res . 1996;146:619
  63. Yue TL , Wang XK , Olson B , Feuerstein G . Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) induces transforming growth factor-beta, (TGF-beta 1) production by rat aortic smooth muscle cells . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 1994;204:1186
  64. Woloschak GE , Chang-Liu CM , Jones PS , Jones CA . Modulation of gene expression in Syrian hamster embryo cells following ionizing radiation . Cancer Res . 1990;50:339
  65. Kallfass E , Kramling HJ , Schultz-Hector S . Early inflammatory reaction of the rabbit coeliac artery wall after combined intraoperative (IORT) and external (ERT) irradiation . Radiother Oncol . 1996;39:167
  66. Flamant F , Gerbaulet A , Nihoul-Fekete C , Valteau-Couanet D , Chassagne D , Lemerle J . Long-term sequelae of conservative treatment by surgery, brachytherapy, and chemotherapy for vulval and vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma in children . J Clin Oncol . 1990;8:1847
  67. Andrassy RJ , Hays DM , Raney RB , Wiener ES , Lawrence W , Lobe TE , et al.   Conservative surgical management of vaginal and vulvar pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study III) . J Pediatr Surg . 1995;30:1034
  68. Atra A , Ward HC , Aitken K , Boyle M , Dicks-Mireaux C , Duffy PG , et al.   Conservative surgery in multimodal therapy for pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma in children . Br J Cancer . 1994;70:1004
  69. Soler R , Macedo A , Bruschini H , Puty F , Caran E , Petrilli A , et al.   Does the less aggressive multimodal approach of bladder-prostate rhabdomyosarcoma preserve bladder function? . J Urol . 2005;173:152
  70. El-Sherbiny MT , El-Mekresh MH , El-Baz MA , Ghoneim MA . Paediatric lower urinary tract rhabdomyosarcoma (a single-centre experience of 30 patients) . BJU Int . 2000;86:260
  71. Silvan AM , Gordillo MJ , Lopez AM , Cuevas GP , Gutierrez JA , Iriondo JM , et al.   Organ-preserving management of rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate and bladder in children . Med Pediatr Oncol . 1997;29:573
  72. Heij HA , Vos A , de Kraker J , Voute PA . Bladder preservation in pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma . Lancet . 1995;345:797
  73. Merguerian PA , Agarwal S , Greenberg M , Bagli DJ , Khoury AE , McLorie GA . Outcome analysis of rhabdomyosarcoma of the lower urinary tract . J Urol . 1998;160:1191
  74. Audry, G., Oberlin, O., Capelli, C., Martelli, H., Godzinski, J., Spicer, R et al: The role of conservative surgery in bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma: an update of experience of the SIOP. Presented at meeting of European Society of Pediatric Urology, Tours, France, 2000
  75. Koscielniak E , Harms D , Henze G , Jurgens H , Gadner H , Herbst M , et al.   Results of treatment for soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and adolescence (a final report of the German Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study CWS-86) . J Clin Oncol . 1999;17:3706
  76. Molenaar WM , Oosterhuis JW , Kamps WA . Cytologic “differentiation” in childhood rhabdomyosarcomas following polychemotherapy . Hum Pathol . 1984;15:973
  77. Chertin B , Reinus C , Koulikov D , Rosenmann E , Farkas A , Chertin B . Post-chemotherapy microscopic residual prostate rhabdomyosarcoma (long-term conservative follow-up) . Pediatr Surg Int . 2002;18:68
  78. Ortega JA , Rowland J , Monforte H , Malogolowkin M , Triche T . Presence of well-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts at the end of therapy for pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma (implications for the outcome) . J Pediatr Hematol Oncol . 2000;22:106
  79. Leuschner I , Harms D , Mattke A , Koscielniak E , Treuner J . Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder and vagina: a clinicopathologic study with emphasis on recurrent disease: a report from the Kiel Pediatric Tumor Registry and the German CWS Study . Am J Surg Pathol . 2001;25:856
  80. Duel BP , Hendren WH , Bauer SB , Mandell J , Colodny A , Peters CA , et al.   Reconstructive options in genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma . J Urol . 1996;156:1798
  81. Lander EB , Shanberg AM , Tansey LA , Sawyer DE , Groncy PK , Finklestein JZ . The use of continent diversion in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in childhood . J Urol . 1992;147:1602
  82. Hensle TW , Chang DT . Reconstructive surgery for children with pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma . Urol Clin North Am . 2000;27:489
  83. Ferrara N . VEGF and the quest for tumour angiogenesis factors . Nat Rev Cancer . 2002;2:795
  84. Pavlakovic H , Havers W , Schweigerer L . Multiple angiogenesis stimulators in a single malignancy (implications for anti-angiogenic tumour therapy) . Angiogenesis . 2001;4:259
  85. Rodaberg, D.: Immunotherapy of RMS. Presented at meeting of Children’s Oncology Group, Washington, D. C., 2004

 See Editorial on page 1278.

PII: S0022-5347(06)01386-3

doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.019

The Journal of Urology
Volume 176, Issue 4 , Pages 1283-1291 , October 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution