The Journal of Urology
Volume 170, Issue 2, Part 1 , Pages 384-388, August 2003

Gender Differences in Seasonal Variation of Urine Stone Risk Factors

  • JOAN H. PARKS

      Affiliations

    • Financial interest in and/or other relationship with LithoLink Corp.
    • ,
  • ROBERT BARSKY

      Affiliations

    • Financial interest in and/or other relationship with Mid Atlantic Stone Center and Urology Associates.
    • ,
  • FREDRIC L. COE

      Affiliations

    • Financial interest in and/or other relationship with LithoLink Corp.

From the Nephrology Section, University of Chicago (JHP, FLC), Chicago, Illinois, and Mid-Atlantic Stone Center (RB), Cherry Hill, New Jersey

Accepted 21 March 2003.

ABSTRACT 

Purpose

We determined whether men and women differ in urine stone risk factors during the 4 seasons of the year.

Materials and Methods

Measurements from 28,498, 24-hour urines from stone forming patients prior to treatment were analyzed to determine whether monthly variation was significant and whether the sexes differed using ANOVA. Locations of supersaturation maxima were determined.

Results

The 2 sexes showed modest sodium depletion in summer with a corresponding decrease in urine calcium but men showed a remarkable decrease in urine volume, causing high calcium oxalate supersaturation. Women had maximum calcium oxalate supersaturation in early winter because of decreasing urine volume and increasing urine calcium excretion. Urine pH was reduced in the 2 sexes during summer but the decrease was far more marked in men, who had a uric acid supersaturation spike.

Purpose

Overall the sexes differ markedly in the timing of stone risk. Men show a dual summer calcium oxalate and uric acid high risk, while women show a high early winter calcium oxalate high risk.

Key Words:  kidney , calculi , sex , seasons , risk factors

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 Supported by National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant PO1 56788

PII: S0022-5347(05)63332-0

doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000071721.91229.27

The Journal of Urology
Volume 170, Issue 2, Part 1 , Pages 384-388, August 2003

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