The Journal of Urology
Volume 175, Issue 2 , Pages 489-494 , February 2006

Making Sense of Prostate Specific Antigen: Improving its Predictive Value in Patients Undergoing Prostate Biopsy

  • Robert K. Nam

      Affiliations

    • Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: 2075 Bayview Ave., MG-406, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M4N 3M5 (telephone: 416-480-5075; FAX: 416-480-6121)
    • ,
  • Ants Toi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • John Trachtenberg

      Affiliations

    • Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Centre, Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Laurence H. Klotz

      Affiliations

    • Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Michael A.S. Jewett

      Affiliations

    • Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Centre, Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Marjan Emami

      Affiliations

    • Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Linda Sugar

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Joan Sweet

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Greg R. Pond

      Affiliations

    • Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Steven A. Narod

      Affiliations

    • Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Received 22 March 2005

References 

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  2. Stamey TA , Caldwell M , McNeal JE , Nolley R , Hemenez M , Downs J . The prostate specific antigen era in the United States is over for prostate cancer (what happened in the last 20 years?) . J Urol . 2004;172:1297
  3. Reiter RE , deKernion JB . Epidemiology, etiology and prevention of prostate cancer . In:  Walsh PC ,  Retik AB ,  Vaughan ED ,  Wein AJ editor. 8th ed.. Campbell’s Urology . vol. 4: Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co; 2002;p. 3001–3016 sect. XI, chapt. 85
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  6. Nam RK , Toi A , Trachtenberg J , Jewett MA , Klotz L , Fleshner N , et al.   Variation in patterns of practice in diagnosing screen-detected prostate cancer . BJU Int . 2004;94:1239
  7. Catalona WJ , Smith DS , Ornstein DK . Prostate cancer detection in men with serum PSA concentrations of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL and benign prostate examination. Enhancement of specificity with free PSA measurements . JAMA . 1997;277:1452
  8. Barry MJ , Fowler FJ , O’Leary MP , Bruskewitz RC , Holtgrewe HL , Mebust WK , et al.  The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association   The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia . J. Urol. . 1992;148:1549
  9. Terris MK . Ultrasonography and biopsy of the prostate . In:  Walsh PC ,  Retik AB ,  Vaughan ED ,  Wein AJ editor. 8th ed.. Campbell’s Urology . vol. 4: Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co; 2002;p. 3038–3054 sect. XI, chapt. 87
  10. Djavan B , Ravery V , Zlotta A , Dobronski P , Dobrovits M , Fakhari M , et al.   Prospective evaluation of prostate cancer detected on biopsies 1, 2, 3 and 4 (when should we stop?) . J Urol . 2001;166:1679
  11. Breiman L , Friedman JH , Olshen RA , Stone CJ . Classification and Regression Trees . Belmont, California: Wadsworth International; 1984;
  12. Catalona WJ , Smith DS , Ratliff TL , Dodds KM , Coplen DE , Yuan JJJ , et al.   Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer . New Engl J Med . 1991;324:1156
  13. Matthews GJ , Motta J , Fracehia JA . The accuracy of transrectal ultrasound prostate volume estimation (clinical correlations) . J Clin Ultrasound . 1996;24:501
  14. Ohigashi T , Kanao K , Kikuchi E , Nakagawa K , Nakashima J , Marumo K , et al.   Prostate specific antigen adjusted for transition zone epithelial volume (the powerful predictor for the detection of prostate cancer on repeat biopsy) . J Urol . 2005;173:1541
  15. Lopez-Corona E , Ohori M , Scardino PT , Reuter VE , Gonen M , Kattan MW . A nomogram for predicting a positive repeat prostate biopsy in patients with a previous negative biopsy session . J Urol . 2003;170:1184
  16. Nam RK , Zhang WW , Trachtenberg J , Diamandis EP , Toi A , Emami M , et al.   Single nucleotide polymorphism of the human kallikrein-2 gene highly correlates with serum human kallikrein-2 levels and in combination enhances prostate cancer detection . J Clin Oncol . 2003;21:2312
  17. Partin AW , Brawer MK , Bartsch G , Horninger W , Taneja SS , Lepor H , et al.   Complexed prostate specific antigen improves specificity for prostate cancer detection (results of a prospective multicenter clinical trial) . J Urol . 2003;170:1787
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  19. Giovannucci E , Stampfer MJ , Krithivas K , Brown M , Brufsky A , Talcott J , et al.   The CAG repeat within the androgen receptor gene and its relationship to prostate cancer . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 1997;94:3320
  20. Wang L , McDonnell SK , Elkins DA , Slager SL , Christensen E , Marks AF , et al.   Analysis of the RNASEL gene in familial and sporadic prostate cancer . Am J Hum Genet . 2002;71:116

 Study received hospital research ethics board approval.Supported by National Cancer Institute of Canada Grant 010284, National Cancer Institute of Canada Terry Fox Foundation Grant 015168 and the Canadian Urological Association Scholarship Fund (RKN).

PII: S0022-5347(05)00159-X

doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00159-X

The Journal of Urology
Volume 175, Issue 2 , Pages 489-494 , February 2006

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